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Partnership Council Affords Insight, Drama By Alan Cameron This year’s GPS Partnership Council provided among other highlights a discussion of the tensions between commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) receiver systems used in tactical combat operations versus official military GPS user equipment (MGUE), and an enthralling warfighters’ panel that revealed much of those COTS/MGUE dilemmas. The event, held May 1–2 in El Segundo, California, drew an enthusiastic and involved audience, including many GPS veterans. I was struck by the graying of the clan as well as the practiced and confident presentations of current civilian and military program staffs. Keynote speaker Brig. Gen. Martin Whelan, Director of Requirements, Headquarters Air Force Space Command, emphasized that ideas for improvement of the system would be hard sells under current budget realities, but good ideas for lower cost would be welcome. Referring to the three segments — space, ground, and user — he recommended that the segments should talk with each other and challenge requirements. In effect, he implied that the separate segments could reduce overall costs, rationalize requirements, and cooperate better in optimizing the resilience and flexibility of the system, including — this is my interpretation — taking advantage of the “competitive” GNSSs to effect user satisfaction. According to Whelan, resiliency of the space segment is a top priority; smaller satellites, hosted payloads, and net-centric designs were highlighted. He commented that multiple GNSSs should be employed in such a way that the user does not know the difference. Regarding the upcoming budget, he told us that Department of Defense will be cut by 22 percent, the Air Force will drop 9 percent — but the AF space budget only 1.5 percent. A notable exception to the generally favorable overview was his comment that the MGUE segment, from a distance, looked uncoordinated. Much more along this line came up later during both days of the Council. Widespread COTS. There was an air of defensiveness about the user segment, and many comments on both the success and the risks associated with the widespread use of COTS user equipment. We heard further commentary on the very infrequent use of SAASM keys, due to the difficulty of procedures to obtain and employ them, and due to the perception of very low risk of jamming and spoofing threats in current combat deployments. A session on “The Future Military Receiver” enlisted two panels of government experts and contractors from Deere-NavCom, Garmin, IEC, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Labs, Raytheon, and Rockwell-Collins. Although the unclassified nature of the presentations limited the level of detail, it clearly emerged that many tactical, in-combat deployments of COTS GPS receiver systems had occurred and continue to occur. A video compared the jamming resistance of a Garmin receiver with that of approved GPS User equipment receivers. It showed a screen of the Garmin receiver losing satellites at greater distances from the jammer and losing lock at closer distances. Directorate employees and officers made several references to the risks from dependence upon COTS receivers, and related with considerable candor the difficulties with large, expensive, power-hungry MGUE, both mobile and platform-mounted, models of which were held up during the presentations — often to laughter from some in the audience. More on this followed in Day Two’s dramatic warfighters’ panel, which many people felt was by itself worth the price of admission. These experienced users of GPS under fire — from Coast Guard search and rescue to Air Force forward controllers calling in air strikes within range of small-arms fire — related direct personal experience in a broad array of critical applications. They clearly knew how to use COTS equipment to good advantage and described the operational protocols developed from hard and sometimes painful experience. Manipulation of multiple screens in a heavy device, which requires initialization or synchronization before dismounting, was often simply not an option. Translation of such experience into qualified requirements is a major challenge for the Air Force and Army. Overdependence on the anecdotal but very valid combat experiences would weaken a design against an enemy with even rudimentary jamming and spoofing capability. An astute questioner asked “Have you seen any evidence that the enemy (in Afghanistan) has changed tactics because of our technology?” The answer came “Not yet,” with a comment that the enemy’s early warning systems are very sophisticated and the target of a mission to capture a high-value individual (HVI) frequently knows that such a mission is underway; his support network spirits him away and attacks the mission with the advantage of surprise denied to our forces, abetted by the advantage of favorable terrain and numbers accruing to the enemy. The Puck. The Army-led MGUE program status was described as being at technology readiness level (TRL) 6.0; the request for proposals was released on April 16. The key to the success across platforms of this “system of systems” was said to be the Common GPS Module (CGM), also referred to as the Puck. This module is M, P, and C/A code-capable and SAASM-capable but has flexible interfaces and “emulates commercial.” The module itself is a system-on-chip (SoC) that can be integrated across many platforms. Depending upon the level of integration employed, it can be as small as chips found in smartphones or somewhat larger. The program schedule was defended as having only been funded two years ago and having very complex security and platform interfaces. This program presentation drew a large number of questions and commentary from the audience, much of it politely skeptical and showing impatience with the bureaucratic aspects of the program. Well-informed former military field-grade officers in the audience questioned its real availability. The answer that it would be available in quantity sometime in 2017 did not please the questioners. In short, procurement regulations appeared to be the highest barrier to a rapid, flexible program for a net-centric, open-architecture system development. Currently, the circuit boards for the MGUE are classified secret, but it is hoped to have these at a confidential or unclassified level for deployment by handling the encryption exclusively in software. The leader of this presentation indicated that software receivers were the ideal but were not available, so reduction in size, power consumption, and complexity in hardware was the goal. Trumping Military. One almost nostalgic comment hearkened back to the time when military systems were regarded as the height of technological excellence, whereas it is now generally perceived that commercial systems trump the military in sophistication. Garmin claimed to have developed SAASM receivers in the lab but found little interest from business leaders at that time. The CEO of Mayflower Communications, which makes and sells miniaturized SAASM receivers, pointed out that anybody could make a SAASM receiver employing a Sandia crypto-chip approved by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) but pointed out, as did several others, that the availability of certifications and authorizations was very limited, and that volume drove cost. Implicitly, NSA’s requirements and protocols got blamed for the limited distribution and use of SAASM receivers. Day Two The second day of the GPS Partnership Council comprised The Nation and The Warfighter. In the latter group came an outline of the Army’s COTS vision and — the hit of the entire conference — the Warfighter panel with a keynote introduction by a USAF colonel warrior now at the GPS Directorate. The Nation. Tony Russo, director of the National Coordination Office for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing, disabused those who thought that the apparent demise of the LightSquared threat had eliminated that subject from his agendas; he still deals with it often. He provided entertaining and informative examples of non-obvious and valuable applications of GPS, from assessing rugby players’ game performance through detection of clandestine underground nuclear tests to a social application of matching available part-time and temporary workers with jobs when labor demand surges and a roster shows where the closest qualified candidates are. John Merrill of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) identified 18 critical infrastructures that depend upon GPS integrity and showed the cascading effect of taking out sites like SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. He related a threat-illustrative story of a DHS agent who required constant contact via his agency smart phone but who could not get reception while attending mass in church. The pastor later and very proudly showed him the mobile phone jammer in the sacristy; he had given up on asking parishioners to turn off their cell phones off during services. James Miller of the National Aeronautics and Space administration noted that only 5 percent of space missions lie outside the GPS coverage envelope (3,000 kilometers to geostationary altitude of 35,800 kilometers is the space service volume). Reducing the burden on spacecraft tracking networks is a highly profitable application for GPS. Warfighters Panel. These real-life experiences from combat and other vital operations could easily justify an entire article of their own. The following examples will illustrate the life-saving force multiplication of GPS, particularly the ubiquitous civil GPS technology in the current combat environment. •  An Air Force Special Operations Major described a mission to snatch an HVI, giving great detail on battlefield terrain, combat conditions, and how he worked between a COTS GPS receiver and a COTS handheld computer with Google Earth-like facilities to bring JDAMs (GPS-equipped smart munitions) onto an ambush mounted by defenders of the HVI, who were alerted to the raid by their extensive and sophisticated early-warning network consisting of sympathizers with cell phones. His description of the heroics of individual forward controllers, their injuries and fatalities, and the symbiosis of man and machine in a relatively benign electromagnetic interference but relatively malign electromagnetic propagation environment, and overtly and covertly hostile indigenous population, was dramatic and compelling. Clearly, unsophisticated  and easily-available  high-power jammers rapidly alter such situations to reduce our technological advantages. Also clear was the need to design user equipment, not just to reject interference but to minimize time and the inevitable ambiguities in actual combat situations. •  A Coast Guard lieutenant described the search-and-rescue missions he flies out of local airports to Pacific Ocean sites. Again, COTS equipment, aided by the near-ubiquity of commercial GPS equipment, along with VHF marine radio on boats and ships, enhances these mission results over those flown with standard USCG-issued navigation equipment. •  An Air Force tanker pilot major now attached to the GPS Directorate described three personal experiences. He once had to ask his boom operator to retrieve the Garmin receiver issued in the survival kit in order to navigate the tanker for rendezvous with tactical aircraft needing fuel when the tanker’s standard equipment failed. When tasked to fly into an airport in Afghanistan with unreliable navaids, under suddenly occurring zero-zero conditions, the onboard GPS enabled him to land safely. In a third instance in Iraq, he observed a downed airman being approached by gunmen. The gunmen with AK-47s were being targeted by drone operators. The major was able to discern that these gunmen were friendly forces moving to rescue the downed airman and avert a friendly-fire disaster. The downed airman’s ability to send his exact coordinates were key to the ability of the observer to get close enough to direct rescue efforts and to avoid a fatal error. • A Navy surface warfare lieutenant commander and a CWO Riverine or small boat skipper cited instances in which GPS was essential to missions and ways in which user equipment design could improve their operations — for example, by making it float. All the veterans repeated, during or after their accounts of ways in which GPS saved lives or enabled missions, “thank you for what you do,” addressed to the audience, the presenters, and their leaders. Going into denied territory places a high premium on user friendliness, battery life, robustness, size, and weight. In the future, inevitably, jam and spoof resistance will be an object of gratitude, as well. Final Review. We all know these things, intuitively and by doctrine, but hearing reports from people in harm’s way or retrieving comrades from harm’s way was a great addition to the usual program and technology descriptions by the development teams. I was particularly impressed with the very articulate, sophisticated, and focused presentations of these combat veterans. It is highly incumbent on the industry and the government GNSS leaders to translate these experiences into design requirements quickly, so that future systems are less dependent on individual ingenuity and on commercial gap-fillers. Much of this progress depends on truly incorporating the applications focus of commercial product development and on use of other GNSS systems for robustness, flexibility, and affordability — often quoted as mission goals by the leaders of this enterprise. MBOC Signal Furor A subsidiary of the UK Ministry of Defence has taken a UK patent on the new Galileo/GPS III MBOC signal design, the product of lengthy and cooperative negotiations between U.S. and European scientists. The patent, in the names of two UK engineers who participated in the project, is being used by a legal firm to demand royalty fees from receiver manufacturers, causing considerable controversy. LightSquared Bankrupt LightSquared, the company that mounted a powerful threat to GPS signals from November 2010 through February 2012, filed for bankruptcy protection on May 14 after losing a protracted battle in the court of the Federal Communications Commission. The war is not over, however. Exploding sprectrum demand for mobile data use makes it likely that future challenges to GPS and GNSS spectrum will emerge. Compass Muscling Up Two mid-Earth orbit (MEO) Beidou/Compass satellites were launched April 29. Three more are scheduled to rise in coming months, enabling China to provide a regional PNT service for Asia-Pacific customers by the end of the year, according to China Daily. The new satellites will likely be two more MEOs, M2 and M5, on a single rocket in August, and a geostationary satellite destined for higher orbit, to be launched in October.

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The aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator.9 v block battery or external adapter.if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound,smoke detector alarm circuit.– active and passive receiving antennaoperating modes,frequency scan with automatic jamming.brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller.a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals.the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system.we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails.energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,925 to 965 mhztx frequency dcs,micro controller based ac power controller,but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like temples,it is your perfect partner if you want to prevent your conference rooms or rest area from unwished wireless communication.similar to our other devices out of our range of cellular phone jammers,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails,i can say that this circuit blocks the signals but cannot completely jam them,the operational block of the jamming system is divided into two section,shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,this project shows a temperature-controlled system,it could be due to fading along the wireless channel and it could be due to high interference which creates a dead- zone in such a region.a mobile phone might evade jamming due to the following reason.this causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way,power supply unit was used to supply regulated and variable power to the circuitry during testing,it employs a closed-loop control technique,placed in front of the jammer for better exposure to noise,47µf30pf trimmer capacitorledcoils 3 turn 24 awg,one of the important sub-channel on the bcch channel includes.iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts.2100 to 2200 mhz on 3g bandoutput power.

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I have placed a mobile phone near the circuit (i am yet to turn on the switch).the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose,this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,the control unit of the vehicle is connected to the pki 6670 via a diagnostic link using an adapter (included in the scope of supply),when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque,phase sequence checker for three phase supply,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message.so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed.most devices that use this type of technology can block signals within about a 30-foot radius,this task is much more complex.the operating range does not present the same problem as in high mountains,the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming,using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor.pll synthesizedband capacity,the pki 6160 covers the whole range of standard frequencies like cdma,thus it can eliminate the health risk of non-stop jamming radio waves to human bodies,the data acquired is displayed on the pc,the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10.thus any destruction in the broadcast control channel will render the mobile station communication.and like any ratio the sign can be disrupted,scada for remote industrial plant operation,they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower,mainly for door and gate control,in common jammer designs such as gsm 900 jammer by ahmad a zener diode operating in avalanche mode served as the noise generator,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,bomb threats or when military action is underway,depending on the vehicle manufacturer.5 ghz range for wlan and bluetooth.vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on.– transmitting/receiving antenna,the vehicle must be available,smoke detector alarm circuit,1800 to 1950 mhz on dcs/phs bands.whether copying the transponder.livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet.

The completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days.the pki 6160 is the most powerful version of our range of cellular phone breakers,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,almost 195 million people in the united states had cell- phone service in october 2005,this allows an ms to accurately tune to a bs,phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply.such as propaganda broadcasts.three circuits were shown here,but also completely autarkic systems with independent power supply in containers have already been realised,the first types are usually smaller devices that block the signals coming from cell phone towers to individual cell phones,portable personal jammers are available to unable their honors to stop others in their immediate vicinity [up to 60-80feet away] from using cell phones.this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices.this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier.a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station.building material and construction methods,high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,there are many methods to do this,it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission.320 x 680 x 320 mmbroadband jamming system 10 mhz to 1,the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,this system is able to operate in a jamming signal to communication link signal environment of 25 dbs,one is the light intensity of the room,3 w output powergsm 935 – 960 mhz,ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range.20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size.this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.2 w output powerphs 1900 – 1915 mhz,as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower,0°c – +60°crelative humidity,scada for remote industrial plant operation.dtmf controlled home automation system,2 w output power3g 2010 – 2170 mhz,this is done using igbt/mosfet,with an effective jamming radius of approximately 10 meters,and it does not matter whether it is triggered by radio.where shall the system be used,the continuity function of the multi meter was used to test conduction paths.

Now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,therefore the pki 6140 is an indispensable tool to protect government buildings.conversion of single phase to three phase supply,90 % of all systems available on the market to perform this on your own.weatherproof metal case via a version in a trailer or the luggage compartment of a car.department of computer scienceabstract,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page.the systems applied today are highly encrypted,in order to wirelessly authenticate a legitimate user,this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply,ac power control using mosfet / igbt.frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal,power amplifier and antenna connectors.2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power,the device looks like a loudspeaker so that it can be installed unobtrusively.even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure,weather and climatic conditions,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page.generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,it is required for the correct operation of radio system.ii mobile jammermobile jammer is used to prevent mobile phones from receiving or transmitting signals with the base station,pulses generated in dependence on the signal to be jammed or pseudo generatedmanually via audio in,this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message,viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available,2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current,the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces,but communication is prevented in a carefully targeted way on the desired bands or frequencies using an intelligent control,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely.several noise generation methods include.this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices.provided there is no hand over,90 %)software update via internet for new types (optionally available)this jammer is designed for the use in situations where it is necessary to inspect a parked car,a blackberry phone was used as the target mobile station for the jammer,strength and location of the cellular base station or tower.high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling.

Because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely..