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By Stéphane Gallot, Pascal Dutot, and Christophe Sajous A new hardware assessment tool automates testing and mission replay, managing military GPS receiver input and output data, with an operational implementation and with a better control of initialization conditions, especially direct P(Y) acquisition. The test bench drives a GPS/Galileo simulator, a digital jammer, and software programs for visibility computation based on terrain modeling, and for multipath generation on 3D renderings. Comprehensive assessment of military GPS receivers becomes more complex as they are integrated into advanced systems. To limit testing on systems under live conditions, laboratory evaluations with real elements are essential. A new hybrid test bench called Statistical INERtial Gnss HYbrid in Simulation (SINERGHYS) is designed for governmental use to validate the integration of GPS/Galileo receivers within the navigation system for different platforms. As system-level requirements become more stringent, this bench has been designed to assess the behavior of the complete system in an operational context. This new assessment hardware-in-the-loop tool is designed to automate testing and to replay missions with an operational implementation and with a better control of initialization conditions, especially direct P(Y) acquisition. This test bench drives many simulation tools: a GPS/Galileo simulator, a digital miniaturized jammer, and different softwares such as one enabling the computation of visibility depending on the terrain modeling, or one dedicated to the generation of multipaths on surfaces of realistic 3D scenes. Figure 1. Depiction of SINERGHYS. Figure 2. Focus on the bench. A Common Bench. Since 2000, with the arrival of the new cryptographic generation (the selective availability anti-spoofing module, or SAASM), the French government defence procurement agency (DGA) GPS laboratory decided to buy off-the-shelf GPS SAASM receivers that cover different form factors and applications. To test performance, it was necessary to acquire a test bench suitable for each GPS receiver. Testing procedures became more and more complex, and most of the manufacturer-provided benches could not perform every test required, such as direct P(Y) acquisition. To improve French expertise concerning GPS receivers, the DGA GPS laboratory decided to develop a common, generic test bench taking into account the integration constraints of each receiver. The perimeter of the hybrid test bench consists of a PC and a generic GPS test bench. Figures 3 and 4 show examples of military GPS receivers integrated into the bench. Figure 3. MPE-S (Ground-based application, Rockwell Collins). Figure 4. 1000S (Avionics,Thales). Figure 5. Embedded jammer. Figure 6. Jamming environment for a fighter aircraft. (Click to enlarge.) Bench management is centralized, so test conditions are generic, and all simulation parameters are fully controlled. This enables users to display a unique view of the complete information and to be able to replay specific scenarios. The bench manages military GPS receivers’ input and output data as described in the respective receivers’ interface control document (ICD) or interface specification: this enables, for example, the initialization of GPS receivers by sending precise time to facilitate direct P(Y) acquisition. This new bench is compatible with many GPS receivers with different form factors and applications. Several receivers can be tested at the same time with the same software, so that the behavior of the GPS receivers can be compared in real time. Data from the different receivers can be observed on the same window of the graphic user interface (GUI). Specific data from ICDs can be displayed on the GUI. The user can visualize three different windows: the first is related to integrity, the second to alarms, and the third to cryptography. All the data output by the receivers can be recorded and replayed. To facilitate and enhance trials on GPS receivers, the bench can use a Monte Carlo method, enabling sequentially and automatically chained scenarios, up to 10,000 test sequences, primarily for characterization of time-to-first-fix (TTFF). Inertial navigation system (INS)/GPS hybridization in real time can be simulated via processing based on a Kalman filter of the information delivered by simulated INS and GPS. Loose and tight coupling can be selected through the GUI as well as filter parameters. The Kalman filter design is independent from the receiver and from the type of trajectory simulated. The user can decide whether the GPS receiver does receive aiding either from the simulated INS, or from the optimal navigation (output of Kalman filter). Interfaces The bench can interface with various external means and drive some tools and materials involved in the functioning of the bench. With GPS Simulator. In the interface with the simulator, an intuitive GUI facilitates scenario preparation. When ready, SINERGHYS begins to drive the GPS simulator in remote-control mode. Any type of trajectory can be simulated with its operational environment modeled. The simulator outputs an RF signal to the receiver, and representative aiding, if required, by ethernet protocol to SINERGHYS. With Jammer. Two types of interference signal generators can be used with the bench. Any available waveform can be generated. The bandwidth can go up to 20 Mhz for one generator and up to 80 Mhz for the other. SINERGHYS is also compatible with a specific jammer called Embedded Jammer, designed to test vulnerability of GNSS systems (Figure 5). The GPS receiver under test tracks the real GPS satellites combined with the simulated jamming signal. Thanks to the position and attitudes provided by the aircraft and to a modelized antenna diagram, the jammer computes in real time representative jamming that would be generated by real jammers. This jammer works in two modes: localized mode (coordinates, jammer power, and waveform) and power profile mode. It was initially designed to be used inside an aircraft but can be used for laboratory testing as well. The simulated environment is defined in the configuration software: waveform, emitter, scenario definitions (bands, number of emitters), and antenna diagram. Four GNSS bands can be selected: GPS L1 and L2 (40 MHz) and Galileo E6 (40 MHz) and E5 (90 MHz). The embedded jammer can generate up to 14 simultaneous jammers per band, each with different waveforms. Therefore, up to 56 simultaneous jammers can be simulated. The center frequency of the jamming signals can be chosen anywhere in the bandwidth. Modulation examples: continuous wave, broadband noise, binary phase shift keying), binary offset carrier (x,y), and so on. Figure 7. Modulation examples. External software interfaces fall under three categories. Warfare. Electronic warfare software, which provides jamming coverage, performs a precise assessment of propagation (reflection and diffraction) of the interfering signals (depending on terrain modeling). Interference levels are transmitted to SINERGHYS during pre-processing. Figure 8. Warfare GUI. Satellite Tool Kit (STK). This software is designed to provide sophisticated modeling and visualization capabilities and  performs functions critical to all mission types, including propagation of vehicles, and determination of visibility areas and times. STK generates paths for space and ground-based objects, such as satellites, ships, aircraft, and land vehicles. STK also provides animation capabilities and a two-dimensional map background for visualizing the path of these vehicles. Within SINERGHYS, STK is used for real-time visualization. Figure 9. STK GUI. Ergospace. This software is designed to generate multipaths, enabling the modeling of reflected paths of different satellite signals on surfaces of realistic 3D scenes. Pre-processed multipaths are sent to SINERGHYS and generated by the GPS simulator. The software is also used for real-time visualization. Figure 10. Ergospace GUI. Figure 11. Example of the window showing the general state of the GPS receiver (c/n, svid, gram receiver and channel states, code and frequency tracked). Operational Mission Characterization The bench can evaluate and characterize receiver performance in most possible representative conditions. Management of GPS Inputs/Outputs. Both black and red keys can be loaded inside the GPS receivers in both DS101 and DS102 protocols. This loading can be performed manually through key loaders such as KYK13 or DTD/ANCYZ10, but also through the host application with hexadecimal keys. The bench can send commands to GPS receivers such as non-volatile memory erasure command, INS, precise time source, precise time and time interval (PTTI) activation commands, or choices between “mixed mode” and “all Y,” between “L1 primary” and “L2 primary,” and so on. Depending on user requirements, the bench can provide time, position, speed, almanac, ephemeris, or specific navigation sub-frames. To test the jamming resistance of GPS receivers, it is essential to be able to provide INS aiding. SINERGHYS uses perfect or degraded aiding and adapts the format or the frequency for the considered GPS receiver. Direct P(Y) acquisition functionality is an important case that needs to be evaluated. The GPS receiver needs a precise time to perform direct P(Y) acquisition. The time accuracy, from a few nanoseconds to several milliseconds, has a strong impact on the GPS behavior. A special delay box applied to the pulse-per-second signal of the GPS simulator in accordance with PTTI message (that is, time figure of merit), enables such a simulated accuracy. A standard IS 153-like interface was developed to display GPS data on a convenient GUI in order to have a common software to visualize output data from the GPS receivers. The user can also visualize some specific data from GPS ICDs concerning integrity, alarms, and cryptography. All receiver output data are recorded for later analysis. Table 1. Example of Direct P(Y) acquisitions in accordance with time uncertainty (with times to get “GRAM state 5” and “protected status”). Monte Carlo Trials The bench enables sequentially and automatically chaining scenarios (up to 10 000 test sequences) to perform statistics on acquisition times. Indeed, it is primarily used for the characterization of TTFF. GPS signal acquisition is dependent on many different parameters, as described in Figure 12. To properly characterize receiver acquisition times requires a large number of tests. The comparison with GPS Receiver Applications Module requirements can be easily performed. Figure 12. Setup parameters to study GPS signal acquisition. Figure 13. Example of a random selection for the position error. One Monte Carlo trial consists of a repetition of unitary test: powering the receiver, then sending to the GPS receiver random errors of position, speed, time, levels of jamming, and finally stopping the test sequence on trigger. At the end of Monte Carlo trials, statistical computing enables accurate analysis and expertises. The random selections are optimized to reduce the number of cases. The bench can replay a particular case: as the seeds are deterministic, a special case of Monte Carlo method can be selected and replayed. Real-Time INS/GPS Data Fusion The information delivered by INS and GPS are processed by a Kalman filter. The INS trajectory is provided by the simulator or by an external file. Two types of coupling are considered: loose coupling with position and velocity information, and tight coupling with pseudoranges and delta ranges to estimate errors. In both cases, the GPS receiver receives aiding from either the simulated INS or the optimal navigation (Kalman filter output). Figure 14. Example of an optimal navigation along a specified trajectory in a jamming environment. Figure 15. Position and velocity errors and navigation corridor. The purpose of the Kalman filter is to estimate the navigation errors (position, velocity, and attitudes) and sensor errors (INS, GPS). The filter design is original because it is independent from the receiver under test and from the type of application (hardiness privileged with reference to jamming). It is also able to estimate the time offset between position and velocity measurement on any GPS receiver under test. Conclusion SINERGHYS combines several resources into a single test bench. A complex mode can simulate an operational implementation with different interfaces and by chaining test sequences: receiver initialization, management of the switching of antenna patterns during a simulation, masking of GPS signals, management of jamming, INS/GPS data fusion, and so on. In this mode, missions can be replayed in a realistic environment. This bench is a complementary resource for flight trials and digital models because it can characterize the initialization phases with a good control of initial conditions. SINERGHYS enables users to know, as precisely as possible, the capabilities and limitations of a specific global navigation chain. Manufacturers SINERGHYS was developed by Bertin Technologies and specified by the French Ministry of Defense (MoD)DGA Information Superiority. It drives a Spirent GPS/Galileo simulator, Agilent 4431B and MXG generators, and software programs such as Analytical Graphics, Inc. (AGI) Satellite Tool Kit and Ergospace 3D scenes. The embedded jammer was developed by Ineo Defense in 2010 to MoD-DGA specifications. Stéphane Gallot works at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority) as a radionavigation expert. His particular interest is the integration of military GPS receivers including SAASM modules within French platforms. Pascal Dutot is an architect engineer at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority). His main activity is to optimize and control GPS integration in the global navigation chain. Christophe Sajous works at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority) as a radionavigation expert. He is also responsible for the “navigation per satellites” laboratory within the radionavigation department.

make phone jammer bag

-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,presence of buildings and landscape,this project shows a no-break power supply circuit,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,by activating the pki 6050 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off.this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links.all these functions are selected and executed via the display.the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz,this causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable.solutions can also be found for this,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition.here is a list of top electrical mini-projects,three circuits were shown here.this is done using igbt/mosfet,the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose,design of an intelligent and efficient light control system,this can also be used to indicate the fire.components required555 timer icresistors – 220Ω x 2,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc.this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator,when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition.the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator.a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals.all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.the vehicle must be available.with the antenna placed on top of the car,its great to be able to cell anyone at anytime,this project shows charging a battery wirelessly,a user-friendly software assumes the entire control of the jammer,government and military convoys.

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It was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission,please visit the highlighted article, gps blocker .theatres and any other public places,as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower.the jamming frequency to be selected as well as the type of jamming is controlled in a fully automated way,go through the paper for more information,micro controller based ac power controller.a potential bombardment would not eliminate such systems,the operational block of the jamming system is divided into two section.computer rooms or any other government and military office,phs and 3gthe pki 6150 is the big brother of the pki 6140 with the same features but with considerably increased output power,where the first one is using a 555 timer ic and the other one is built using active and passive components,but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like temples.1800 to 1950 mhztx frequency (3g),from analysis of the frequency range via useful signal analysis.it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions.several noise generation methods include.it employs a closed-loop control technique,5 kgadvanced modelhigher output powersmall sizecovers multiple frequency band.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,accordingly the lights are switched on and off,the systems applied today are highly encrypted.shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking,frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs.frequency scan with automatic jamming,bearing your own undisturbed communication in mind,scada for remote industrial plant operation.pll synthesizedband capacity,mobile jammer was originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists to foil the use of certain remotely detonated explosive.

Once i turned on the circuit,868 – 870 mhz each per devicedimensions.usually by creating some form of interference at the same frequency ranges that cell phones use,in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators.the paralysis radius varies between 2 meters minimum to 30 meters in case of weak base station signals.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,with an effective jamming radius of approximately 10 meters.a blackberry phone was used as the target mobile station for the jammer.this project uses arduino for controlling the devices,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure.20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size.this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator.zener diodes and gas discharge tubes,one of the important sub-channel on the bcch channel includes.brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller,designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented.this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,power amplifier and antenna connectors,a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment,320 x 680 x 320 mmbroadband jamming system 10 mhz to 1,vswr over protectionconnections.0°c – +60°crelative humidity,5% – 80%dual-band output 900,in contrast to less complex jamming systems,when the mobile jammer is turned off,< 500 maworking temperature.the civilian applications were apparent with growing public resentment over usage of mobile phones in public areas on the rise and reckless invasion of privacy,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,preventively placed or rapidly mounted in the operational area.

The whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery,the data acquired is displayed on the pc,its built-in directional antenna provides optimal installation at local conditions,so that the jamming signal is more than 200 times stronger than the communication link signal.a prerequisite is a properly working original hand-held transmitter so that duplication from the original is possible,this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power.some powerful models can block cell phone transmission within a 5 mile radius,this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,temperature controlled system.each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller.2 w output powerdcs 1805 – 1850 mhz.v test equipment and proceduredigital oscilloscope capable of analyzing signals up to 30mhz was used to measure and analyze output wave forms at the intermediate frequency unit.here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object.access to the original key is only needed for a short moment,the duplication of a remote control requires more effort.the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque.energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,whether voice or data communication.15 to 30 metersjamming control (detection first).you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,all mobile phones will automatically re-establish communications and provide full service,-10°c – +60°crelative humidity,.