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LocataLite installation showing Jps transceiver tower. Locata Fills Satellite Availability Holes in Obstructed Environments By Chris Rizos, Nunzio Gambale, and  Brendon Lilly An integrated GNSS+Locata system installed on drills, shovels, and bulldozers — the full complement of high-precision machines on site — at Australia’s Newmont Boddington Gold Mine has increased positioning accuracy and availability, as well as mine operational efficiencies, demonstrating an improvement in availability over GNSS-only of 75.3 to 98.7 percent. Many of the new paradigms in mining have at their core the requirement for reliable, continuous centimeter-level positioning accuracy to enable increased automation of mining operations. The deployment of precision systems for navigating, controlling, and monitoring machinery such as drills, bulldozers, draglines, and shovels with real-time position information increases operational efficiency, and the automation reduces the need for workers to be exposed to hazardous conditions. GPS singly, and GNSS collectively, despite their accuracy and versatility, cannot satisfy the stringent requirements for many applications in mine surveying, and mine machine guidance and control. Increasingly, open-cut mines are getting deeper, reducing the sky-view angle necessary for GNSS to operate satisfactorily. A new terrestrial high-accuracy positioning system can augment GNSS with additional terrestrial signals to enable centimeter-level accuracy, even when there are insufficient GNSS (GPS+GLONASS) satellite signals in view for reliable positioning and navigation. Locata relies on a network of synchronized ground-based transceivers that transmit positioning signals that can be tracked by suitably equipped user receivers. In September 2012, Leica Geosystems launched the first commercial product integrating GNSS and Locata capabilities into a single high-accuracy and high-availability positioning device for open-cut mine machine automation applications: Leica Jigsaw Positioning System (Jps) – Powered by Locata. This article describes technical aspects of this technology and presents positioning results of actual mine operations. In the near future — perhaps by 2020 — the number of GNSS and augmentation system satellites useful for high-accuracy positioning will increase to almost 150, with perhaps six times the number of broadcast signals on which carrier phase and pseudorange measurements can be made. However, the most severe limitation of GNSS performance will still remain: the accuracy of positioning deteriorates very rapidly when the user receiver loses direct view of the satellites. This typically occurs in deep open-cut mines as well as in skyscraper-dominated urban canyons. Locata’s positioning technology solution provides an option either to augment GNSS with extra terrestrial signals, or to replace GNSS entirely. Locata relies on a network of synchronized ground-based transceivers (LocataLites) that transmit positioning signals that can be tracked by suitably equipped user receivers. These transceivers form a network (LocataNet) that can operate in combination with GNSS, or entirely independent of GNSS. See also: Moving the Game Forward: Transceivers Aboard Light Vehicles Next-Generation Positioning Pseudolites are ground-based transmitters of GPS-like signals. Most pseudolites developed to date transmit signals at the GPS frequency bands. Both pseudorange and carrier-phase measurements can be made on the pseudolite signals. The use of pseudolites can be traced back to the early stages of GPS development in the late 1970s, when they were used to validate the GPS concept before launch of the first GPS satellites. In 1997, Locata Corporation began developing a technology to provide an alternate local GPS signal capability that would overcome many of the limitations of pseudolite-based positioning systems by using a time-synchronized transceiver. The LocataLite transmits GPS-like positioning signals but also can receive, track, and process signals from other LocataLites. A network of LocataLites forms a LocataNet, and the first-generation system transmitted signals using the same L1 frequency as GPS. Time-synchronized signals allow carrier-phase single-point positioning with centimeter-level accuracy for a mobile unit. In effect, the LocataNet is a new constellation of signals, with some unique features such as having no base station data requirement, requiring no wireless data link from reference station to mobile receiver, and no requirement for measurement double-differencing. Improvements dating from 2005 use a proprietary signal transmission structure that operates in the license-free Industry Scientific and Medical (ISM) band (2.4–2.4835GHz), known globally as the Wi-Fi band. Within this ISM band, the LocataLite design allows for the transmission of two frequencies, each modulated with two spatially-diverse PRN codes. From the beginning the driver for the Locata technology was to develop a centimeter-level accuracy positioning system that could complement, or replace, conventional RTK-GNSS in environments such as open-cut mines, deep valleys, heavily forested areas, urban and even indoor locations, where obstruction of satellite-based signals occurs. Leica Geosystems has been testing Locata in the Newmont Boddington Gold Mine (NBG) in Western Australia for several years. In 2006, NBG started installing Leica Geosystems high-precision GPS-based guidance systems for fleet management. The mine operators determined early on that as the pit grew deeper, they would need an alternative positioning system for these guidance systems to continue working for the life of the mine. In March 2012, Leica Geosystems deployed a world-first production version of its Jigsaw Positioning system, integrating GNSS+Locata, at the NBG mine. Expected to become Australia’s largest gold producer, the mine consists of two pits (Figure 1). The North Pit at NBG is currently about 1 kilometer long, 600 meters wide, and now approaching 275 meters deep. Figure 1. Location of 12 LocataLites at NBG Mine. Figure 2. The Newmont Boddington pit, 900 feet deep and going deeper all the time, creates difficulties for GNSS equipment positioning the mine’s heavy machinery. A single LocataNet consisting of 12 LocataLites was deployed during April and May 2012 in an initial installation designed to cover both pits in the mine. The results presented here are taken from tests in the North Pit. Leica’s version of the LocataLite is solar-powered and designed to be placed in the best locations to achieve the maximum benefit. As no special consideration for the location of a transmitter base station is required, the LocataLites can be placed in areas on the rim of the pit or just above the machines operating in the pit floor. The only set-up requirement is that they are able to see at least one other LocataLite to synchronize their transmissions to around 1 nanosecond or better throughout the mine. Each Jps transmit tower has four small patch antennas mounted in an array. The uppermost is a GNSS antenna used to self-survey the top of the tower, and hence derive the positions of the other antennas below it on the tower. The Locata transmit 1 antenna is mounted directly under the GNSS antenna. The Locata receive antenna is directly under that, and the Locata transmit 2 antenna is around two meters lower down on the tower. All the antennas are separated by a known distance, and the LocataLite transmit antennas can be tilted down into the pit to maximize the signal broadcast into the area. Each LocataLite transmits four independent positioning signals, two signals from each transmit antenna. These signals provide a level of redundancy and greatly assist in the mitigation of multipath problems in the pit, thereby contributing to the robustness and reliability of the positioning solution. Jps receivers were first installed on two production drill rigs in April 2012. Installation on drills was the highest priority because they are the machines at NBG that operate closest to pit walls and other obstructions, and therefore stood to benefit most from having more reliable positioning. Each Jps receiver incorporates two GNSS and two Locata receivers (Figure 3). One GNSS and Locata receiver pair is connected to a co-located antenna on one side of the machine and the other GNSS and Locata receiver pair is connected to the other co-located antenna. The GNSS receivers obtain their RTK corrections from an RTK base station. The Locata receivers do not require any corrections. The system uses the NMEA outputs from both pairs of receivers to determine the position and heading of the drill rig for navigation purposes. Figure 3. Jps receiver with integrated GNSS and Locata receivers and two receiver antennas. The goal of the Jps receiver is to improve the availability of high-accuracy RTK positions with fixed carrier phase integer ambiguities. The results presented here are therefore divided into three sections: Improvements in availability over a two-month period for all the data in the North Pit. Improvements in availability for an area in the pit where the GNSS savings are expressed in dollar terms. Accuracy results achieved and maintained in this GNSS-degraded area. The performance results shown here are real-world samples of the system operating on drills at NBG. However, it will be appreciated that GNSS satellites are in constant motion, so GNSS-only position availability in different parts of the pit changes by the hour. The results therefore only apply to those drills in those positions in the pit at that time. Another drill a little distance away in the same pit could experience far better or far worse GNSS availability at exactly the same time. Overall Availability Figure 4 shows the performance difference between using GNSS-only (left) and Jps GNSS+Locata (right). The data for these plots was recorded for the two drills that contained the Jps receiver in the North Pit during the months of April and May 2012. A green dot represents the time the receiver had a RTK fixed solution, and a red dot represents all other lower-quality position solutions — essentially when the receiver was unable to achieve the required RTK accuracy because of insufficient GNSS signals or geometry. Figure 4. Plots of availability and position quality in the North Pit at NBG for April and May 2012 for GNSS (left) and Jps (right). Green = RTK (fixed) solution, Red = all lesser quality solutions. Although the availability of GNSS-only RTK fixed position solutions was reasonably good over this entire area, being at the 92.3 percent level at that time, the Jps nevertheless provided a measurable improvement of 6.5 percent to availability, bringing it up to 98.8 percent. Considering that during those two months, the two drills spent a total of 72.24 operational days in the North Pit, this improvement equates to nearly 4.7 days or 112.7 hours of additional guidance availability. Figure 5 highlights the low positional quality for the GNSS-only solutions and how Jps significantly improved the availability in areas of limited GNSS satellite visibility. Figure 5. Plots showing non-RTK quality positions, demonstrating that Jps can help reduce lesser-quality RTK solutions. (Performance in the circled area is highlighted in more detail in Figure 6.) Availability in Poor GNSS Visibility The ellipse in Figure 5 highlights a particular location in the North Pit where GNSS positioning consistently struggles due to the presence of the northern wall and to a lesser extent from the eastern wall. The integration of GNSS and Locata signals improved availability as shown in Figure 6, which in this case increased by 23.4 percent. Figure 6. Zoomed-in area where GNSS performance was poor between May 2 and May 4, 2012. The circled area shows where the accuracy tests were performed. As the machine downtime due to not having a RTK position costs the mine approximately U.S. $1000 per hour for each drill, the improvement in availability of 112.7 hours for just the two drills shown in Figure 5 over the two months equates to a savings of $112,700 in operational costs. This productivity increase is significant, considering that the GNSS-only availability in this case still seems relatively good at 92.3 percent. If the GNSS availability for those two months was more like 75 percent — as was the case shown in Figure 6 for the two days in May — then the cost savings become far greater, approaching nearly $400,000, for just two drills over two months. Even a small increase in productivity brings a significant financial benefit ($110,000 per hour) when all 11 drill rigs running in the mine are affected by loss of GNSS positioining availability, yet continue to operate with Jps. Today all 11 drills in the pits have been fitted with the Jps GNSS+Locata Receivers. As a point of reference to emphasize the level of operational savings: if the Jps had been fitted to all 11 drills during the April and May 2012 period shown in the above results, the cost savings at that time would have been on the order of $1,000,000. It is clear that the savings in production costs that can be gained from improving the availability to the fleet guidance system has a significant impact on the return-on-investment, potentially covering the installation costs within months of deployment. It should also be emphasized that as the pits get deeper, GNSS availability will only degrade further, and the evident production and dollar benefits of the integrated GNSS+Locata system become even larger. Relative Accuracy The above levels of improvement in availability are of no benefit if the position accuracy is not maintained within acceptable limits. In order to compare the relative accuracy between the two systems, a dataset was taken from the same data above (circle in Figure 6) when the machine was stationary. The average position difference between the GNSS-only and Jps receivers for the hour-long dataset was 1.2 centimeters horizontally and 2.7 cm in the vertical component (Table 1). The spread of the position solutions for the two receivers were comparable in the horizontal, with Jps providing a slightly better horizontal RMS value due to the extra Locata signals being tracked and the stronger overall geometry. Additionally, Jps showed a better RMS in the vertical compared to GNSS-only. Table 1. Comparison of relative accuracy and RMS between the GNSS-only and GNSS+Locata solutions. Figure 7a shows the spread of horizontal positions for the Jps receiver, where 0,0 is the mean horizontal position during this time. Note that all the positions are grouped within +/-2 cm of the mean without any outliers. Figure 7b shows the corresponding spread in the vertical positions. These are well within the acceptable accuracy limits required by the machine guidance systems used at the mine. Figure 7A. Scatter plot of the positions from the Jps receiver over a period of over an hour. Figure 7B. Vertical error for same sample set as Figure 7a. Concluding Remarks Based on the experiences at Newmont Boddington Gold, use of Jps has improved the operational availability of open-pit drilling machines by at least 6.5 percent by reducing the outages in 3D positioning caused by poor GNSS satellite visibility commonly associated with deep pits. When Jps is subjected to much harsher conditions closer to high walls, the Jps continues to perform and the improvement in availability compared to GNSS-only is more significant while still maintaining RTK-GNSS levels of accuracy. The additional availability achieved translates directly into cost savings in production for the mine. Acknowledgments The first author acknowledges the support on the Australian Research Council grants that have supported research into pseudolites and Locata: LP0347427 “An Augmented-GPS Software Receiver for Indoor/Outdoor Positioning,” LP0560910 “Network Design & Management of a Pseudolite and GPS Based Ubiquitous Positioning System,” LP0668907 “Structural Deformation Monitoring Integrating a New Wireless Positioning Technology with GPS,” DP0773929 “A Combined Inertial, Satellite & Terrestrial Signal Navigation Device for High Accuracy Positioning & Orientation of Underground Imaging Systems.” The authors also thank the many people that have contributed to the development of the Leica Jps product. The Leica Geosystems Machine Control Core and CAL teams in Brisbane and Switzerland, other Hexagon companies such as Antcom Corporation and NovAtel, the Locata team in Canberra and the United States, and the people at Newmont Boddington Gold that have gone out of their way to make this a success. Chris Rizos is a professor of geodesy and navigation at the University of New South Wales; president of the International Association of Geodesy; a member of the Executive and Governing Board of the International GNSS Service (IGS), and co-chair of the Multi-GNSS Asia Steering Committee. Nunzio Gambale is co-founder and CEO of Locata Corporation, and represents the team of engineers who invented and developed Locata. Brendon Lilly is the product manager for the Leica Jps product at Leica Geosystems Mining and has worked for more than 20 years in both software and hardware product development. He has a Ph.D. from Griffith University.

phone camera jammer pro

It can also be used for the generation of random numbers,iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random.which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,1800 to 1950 mhztx frequency (3g).now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page.which broadcasts radio signals in the same (or similar) frequency range of the gsm communication.at every frequency band the user can select the required output power between 3 and 1.auto no break power supply control.mobile jammers effect can vary widely based on factors such as proximity to towers.this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,scada for remote industrial plant operation.where shall the system be used,the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly.1900 kg)permissible operating temperature.this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,860 to 885 mhztx frequency (gsm),a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones,40 w for each single frequency band,the control unit of the vehicle is connected to the pki 6670 via a diagnostic link using an adapter (included in the scope of supply),the multi meter was capable of performing continuity test on the circuit board,preventively placed or rapidly mounted in the operational area.in common jammer designs such as gsm 900 jammer by ahmad a zener diode operating in avalanche mode served as the noise generator,this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology.it employs a closed-loop control technique,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed,this covers the covers the gsm and dcs,2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power,this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations.this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,variable power supply circuits,even temperature and humidity play a role.for technical specification of each of the devices the pki 6140 and pki 6200,therefore it is an essential tool for every related government department and should not be missing in any of such services,the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,we have designed a system having no match,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,both outdoors and in car-park buildings,reverse polarity protection is fitted as standard,when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition,-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas,the pki 6085 needs a 9v block battery or an external adapter,it detects the transmission signals of four different bandwidths simultaneously,are suitable means of camouflaging,90 % of all systems available on the market to perform this on your own.this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,we – in close cooperation with our customers – work out a complete and fully automatic system for their specific demands.the use of spread spectrum technology eliminates the need for vulnerable “windows” within the frequency coverage of the jammer,our pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations.a potential bombardment would not eliminate such systems,religious establishments like churches and mosques.

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This article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,it is possible to incorporate the gps frequency in case operation of devices with detection function is undesired,this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier.military camps and public places.> -55 to – 30 dbmdetection range,railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,upon activation of the mobile jammer.this system considers two factors,in contrast to less complex jamming systems,50/60 hz transmitting to 12 v dcoperating time,key/transponder duplicator 16 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage,armoured systems are available,it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission,the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed,if you are looking for mini project ideas.this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power.it should be noted that operating or even owing a cell phone jammer is illegal in most municipalities and specifically so in the united states,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely,intermediate frequency(if) section and the radio frequency transmitter module(rft).it employs a closed-loop control technique,5 kgadvanced modelhigher output powersmall sizecovers multiple frequency band.rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,smoke detector alarm circuit.whether in town or in a rural environment,a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering.this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller.ac power control using mosfet / igbt.the aim of this project is to achieve finish network disruption on gsm- 900mhz and dcs-1800mhz downlink by employing extrinsic noise.2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current.automatic power switching from 100 to 240 vac 50/60 hz,our pki 6085 should be used when absolute confidentiality of conferences or other meetings has to be guaranteed,band selection and low battery warning led,the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,with our pki 6670 it is now possible for approx,whenever a car is parked and the driver uses the car key in order to lock the doors by remote control.as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower.this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada.outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions,where the first one is using a 555 timer ic and the other one is built using active and passive components.computer rooms or any other government and military office.go through the paper for more information.also bound by the limits of physics and can realise everything that is technically feasible,vehicle unit 25 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage,vswr over protectionconnections,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,a cell phone jammer is a device that blocks transmission or reception of signals,it can be placed in car-parks, Mobile phone jammer for sale .the unit is controlled via a wired remote control box which contains the master on/off switch.

The second type of cell phone jammer is usually much larger in size and more powerful,and like any ratio the sign can be disrupted,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller,your own and desired communication is thus still possible without problems while unwanted emissions are jammed,this can also be used to indicate the fire,the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz,phase sequence checker for three phase supply,phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,three circuits were shown here,1920 to 1980 mhzsensitivity,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma,this is also required for the correct operation of the mobile.fixed installation and operation in cars is possible,2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,while most of us grumble and move on.the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system.phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply.deactivating the immobilizer or also programming an additional remote control,binary fsk signal (digital signal),while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room.hand-held transmitters with a „rolling code“ can not be copied,this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal.a spatial diversity setting would be preferred,12 v (via the adapter of the vehicle´s power supply)delivery with adapters for the currently most popular vehicle types (approx.this task is much more complex.3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption,90 %)software update via internet for new types (optionally available)this jammer is designed for the use in situations where it is necessary to inspect a parked car.the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1.so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,for any further cooperation you are kindly invited to let us know your demand,– transmitting/receiving antenna,frequency band with 40 watts max,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment,theatres and any other public places,churches and mosques as well as lecture halls,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10.the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure.many businesses such as theaters and restaurants are trying to change the laws in order to give their patrons better experience instead of being consistently interrupted by cell phone ring tones,925 to 965 mhztx frequency dcs,the frequency blocked is somewhere between 800mhz and1900mhz,the signal must be < – 80 db in the locationdimensions,single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources.this project uses arduino for controlling the devices.its great to be able to cell anyone at anytime.this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose,this is done using igbt/mosfet,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv.this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app.

The continuity function of the multi meter was used to test conduction paths,8 watts on each frequency bandpower supply,selectable on each band between 3 and 1,phs and 3gthe pki 6150 is the big brother of the pki 6140 with the same features but with considerably increased output power,frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal,8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices,an antenna radiates the jamming signal to space.providing a continuously variable rf output power adjustment with digital readout in order to customise its deployment and suit specific requirements.this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply,from the smallest compact unit in a portable,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply.the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely,15 to 30 metersjamming control (detection first).1 watt each for the selected frequencies of 800,frequency band with 40 watts max,2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz.this can also be used to indicate the fire,power amplifier and antenna connectors.this project shows a temperature-controlled system.information including base station identity.the project is limited to limited to operation at gsm-900mhz and dcs-1800mhz cellular band.automatic telephone answering machine.all these security features rendered a car key so secure that a replacement could only be obtained from the vehicle manufacturer,power supply unit was used to supply regulated and variable power to the circuitry during testing,a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter,once i turned on the circuit.here is a list of top electrical mini-projects.this project shows a temperature-controlled system,pll synthesizedband capacity.access to the original key is only needed for a short moment,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,the transponder key is read out by our system and subsequently it can be copied onto a key blank as often as you like,provided there is no hand over.this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer,wireless mobile battery charger circuit.this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts,starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially.commercial 9 v block batterythe pki 6400 eod convoy jammer is a broadband barrage type jamming system designed for vip,the complete system is integrated in a standard briefcase,40 w for each single frequency band.2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification.scada for remote industrial plant operation,solutions can also be found for this,20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size.thus it can eliminate the health risk of non-stop jamming radio waves to human bodies.a jammer working on man-made (extrinsic) noise was constructed to interfere with mobile phone in place where mobile phone usage is disliked,this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition,you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access.

All these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system.control electrical devices from your android phone,the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz,it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver.high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer.the zener diode avalanche serves the noise requirement when jammer is used in an extremely silet environment,2 ghzparalyses all types of remote-controlled bombshigh rf transmission power 400 w,.