Phone data jammer kit - phone jammer florida weather

By Frank van Diggelen, Global Locate, Inc. This update to a frequently requested article first published here in 1998 explains how statistical methods can create many different position accuracy measures. As the driving forces of positioning and navigation change from survey and precision guidance to location-based services, E911, and so on, some accuracy measures have fallen out of common usage, while others have blossomed. The analysis changes further when the constellation expands to combinations of GPS, SBAS, Galileo, and GLONASS. Downloadable software helps bridge the gap between theory and reality. “There are three kinds of lies: lies, damn lies, and statistics.” So reportedly said Benjamin Disraeli, prime minister of Britain from 1874 to 1880. Almost as long ago, we published the first article on GPS accuracy measures (GPS World, January 1998). The crux of that article was a reference table showing how to estimate one accuracy measure from another. The original article showed how to derive a table like TABLE 1. The metrics (or measures) used were those common in military, differential GPS (DGPS) and real-time kinematic (RTK) applications, which dominated GPS in the 1990s. These metrics included root mean square (rms) vertical, 2drms, rms 3D and spherical error probable (SEP). The article showed examples from DGPS data. Table 1. Accuracy measures for circular, Gaussian, error distributions. Figure 1. Using Table 1. Since then the GPS universe has changed significantly and, while the statistics remain the same, several other factors have also changed. Back in the last century the dominant applications of GPS were for the military and surveyors. Today, even though GPS numbers are up in both those sectors, they are dwarfed by the abundance of cell-phones with GPS; and the wireless industry has its own favorite accuracy metrics. Also, Selective Availability was active back in 1998, now it is gone. And finally we have the prospect of a 60+ satellite constellation, as we fully expect in the next nine years that 30 Galileo satellites will join the GPS and satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) satellites already in orbit. Therefore, we take an updated look at GNSS accuracy. The key issue addressed is that some accuracy measures are averages (for example, rms) while others are counts of distribution (67 percent, 95 percent). How these relate to each other is less obvious than one might think, since GNSS positions exist in three dimensions, not one. Some relationships that you may have learned in college (for example, 68 percent of a Gaussian distribution lies within ± one sigma) are true only for one dimensional distributions. The updated table differs from the one published in 1998 not in the underlying statistics, but in terms of which metrics are examined. Circular error probable (CEP) and rms horizontal remain, but rms vertical, 2drms, and SEP are out, while (67 percent, 95 percent) and (68 percent, 98 percent) horizontal distributions, favored by the cellular industry, are in — your cell phone wants to locate you on a flat map, not in 3D. Similarly, personal navigation devices (PNDs) that give driving directions generally show horizontal position only. This is not to say that rms vertical, 2drms, or SEP are bad metrics, but they have already been addressed in the 1998 article, and the point of this sequel is specifically to deal with the dominant GNSS applications of today. Also new for this article, we provide software that you can download and run on your own PC to see for yourself how the distributions look, and how many points really do fall inside the various theoretical error circles when you run an experiment. Table 1 is the central feature of this article. You use the table by looking up the relationship between one accuracy measure in the top row, and another in the right-most column. For example (see FIGURE 1), let’s take the simplest entry in the table: rms2 = 1.41× rms1 TABLE 2 defines the accuracy measures used in this article. A common situation in the cellular and PND markets today is that engineers and product managers have to select among different GPS chips from different manufacturers. (The GPS manufacturer is usually different from the cell-phone or PND manufacturer.) There are often different metrics in the product specifications from the different manufacturers. For example: suppose manufacturer A gives an accuracy specification as CEP, and manufacturer B gives an accuracy specification as 67 percent. How do you compare them? The answer is to use Table 1 to convert to a common metric. Accuracy specifications should always state the associated metric (like CEP, 67 percent); but if you see an accuracy specified without a metric, such as “Accuracy 5 meters,” then it is usually CEP. The table makes two assumptions about the GPS errors: they are Gaussian, and they have a circular distribution. Let’s discuss both these assumptions. Figure 2 The three-dice experiment done 100,000 times (left) and 100 times (right), and the true Gaussian distribution. Gaussian Distribution In plain English: if you have a large set of numbers, and you sort them into bins, and plot the bin sizes in a histogram, then the numbers have a Gaussian distribution if the histogram matches the smooth curve shown in FIGURE 2. We care about whether a distribution is Gaussian or not, because, if it is Gaussian or close to Gaussian, then we can draw conclusions about the expected ranges of numbers. In other words, we can create Table 1. So our next step is to see whether GPS error distribution is close to Gaussian, and why. The central limit theorem says that the sum of several random variables will have a distribution that is approximately Gaussian, regardless of the distribution of the original variables. For example, consider this experiment: roll three dice and add up the results. Repeat this experiment many times. Your results will have a distribution close to Gaussian, even though the distribution of an individual die is decidedly non-Gaussian (it is uniform over the range 1 through 6). In fact, uniform distributions sum up to Gaussian very quickly. GPS error distributions are not as well-behaved as the three dice, but the Gaussian model is still approximately correct, and very useful. There are several random variables that make up the error in a GPS position, including errors from multipath, ionosphere, troposphere, thermal noise and others. Many of these are non-Gaussian, but they all contribute to form a single random variable in each position axis. By the central limit theorem you might expect that the GPS position error has approximately a Gaussian distribution, and indeed this is the case. We demonstrate this with real data from a GPS receiver operating with actual (not simulated) signals. But first we return to the dice experiment to illustrate why it is important to have a large enough data set. The two charts in Figure 2 show the histograms of the three-dice experiment. On the left we repeated the experiment 100,000 times. On the right we used just the first 100 repetitions. Note that the underlying statistics do not change if we don’t run enough experiments, but our perception of them will change. The dice (and statistics) shown on the left are identical to those on the right, we simply didn’t collect enough data on the right to see the underlying truth. FIGURE 3 shows a GPS error distribution. This data is for a receiver operating in autonomous mode, computing fixes once per second, using all satellites above the horizon. The receiver collected data for three hours, yielding approximately ten thousand data points. Figure 3. Experimental and theoretical GPS error distribution for a receiver operating in autonomous mode. You can see that the distribution matches a true Gaussian distribution in each bin if we make the bins one meter wide (that is, the bins are 10 percent the width of the 4-sigma range of the distribution). Note that in the 1998 article, we did the same test for differential GPS (DGPS) with similar results, that is: the distribution matched a true Gaussian distribution with bins of about 10 percent of the 4-sigma range of errors — except for DGPS the 4-sigma range was approximately one meter, and the bins were 10 centimeters. Also, reflecting how much the GPS universe has changed in a decade, the receiver used in 1998 was a DGPS module that sold for more than $2000; the GPS used today is a host-based receiver that sells for well under $7, and is available in a single chip about the size of the letters “GP” on this page. Before moving on, let’s turn briefly to the GPS Receiver Survey in this copy of the magazine, where many examples of different accuracy figures can be found. All manufacturers are asked to quote their receiver accuracy. Some give the associated metrics, and some do not. Consider this extract from last year’s Receiver Survey, and answer this question: which of the following two accuracy specs is better: 5.1m horiz 95 percent, or 4m CEP? In Table 1 we see that CEP=0.48 × 95 percent. So 5.1 meters 95 percent is the same as 0.48× 5.1m = 2.4 meters CEP, which is better than 4 meters CEP. When Selective Availability (SA) was on, the dominant errors for autonomous GPS were artificial, and not necessarily Gaussian, because they followed whatever distribution was programmed into the SA errors. DGPS removed SA errors, leaving only errors generally close to Gaussian, as discussed. Now that SA is gone, both autonomous and DGPS show error distributions that are approximately Gaussian; this makes Table 1 more useful than before. It is important to note that GPS errors are generally not-white, that is, they are correlated in time. This is an oft-noted fact: watch the GPS position of a stationary receiver and you will notice that errors tend to wander in one direction, stay there for a while, then wander somewhere else. Not-white does not imply not-Gaussian. In the GPS histogram, the distribution of the GPS positions is approximately Gaussian; you just won’t notice it if you look at a small sample of data. Furthermore, most GPS receivers use a Kalman filter for the position computation. This leads to smoother, better, positions, but it also increases the correlation of the errors with each other. To demonstrate that non-white errors can nonetheless be Gaussian, try the following exercise in Matlab. Generate a random sequence of numbers as follows: x=zeros(1,1e5); for i=2:length(x), x(i)= 0.95*x(i-1)+0.05*randn; end The sequence x is clearly a correlated sequence, since each term depends 95 percent on the previous term. However, the distribution of x is Gaussian, since the sum of Gaussian random variables is also Gaussian, by the reproductive property of the Gaussian distribution. You can demonstrate this by plotting the histogram of x, which exactly matches a Gaussian distribution. In some data sets you may have persistent biases in the position. Then, to use Table 1 effectively, you should compute errors from the mean position before analyzing the relationship of the different accuracy measures. Distributions and HDOP Table 1 assumes a circular distribution. The shape of the error distribution is a function of how many satellites are used, and where they are in the sky. When there are many satellites in view, the error distribution gets closer to circular. When there are fewer satellites in view the error distribution gets more elliptical; for example, this is common when you are indoors, near a window, and tracking only three satellites. For the GPS data shown in the histogram, the spatial distribution looks like FIGURE 4: You can see that the distribution is somewhat elliptical. The rms North error is 2.1 meters, the rms East error is 1.2 meters. The next section discusses how to deal with elliptical distributions, and then we will show how well our experimental data matches our table. Figure 4. Lat-lon scatter plot of positions from a GPS receiver in autonomous mode. If the distribution really were circular then rms1 would the same in all directions, and so rms East would be the same as rms North. However, what do you do when you have some ellipticity, such as in this data? The answer is to work with rms2 as the entry point to the table. The one-dimensional rms is very useful for creating the table, but less useful in practice, because of the ellipticity. Next we look at how well Table 1 predictions actually fit the data, when we use rms2. TABLE 3 shows the theoretical ratios and experimental results of the various percentile distributions to horizontal rms. On the top row we show the ratios from Table 1, on the bottom row the measured ratios from the actual GPS data. Table 3. Theoretical ratios and experimental results using actual GPS data. For our data: horizontal rms = rms2 = 2.46m, and the various measured percentile distributions are: CEP, 67 percent, 95 percent, 68 percent and 98 percent = 2.11, 2.62, 4.15, 2.65, and 4.74m respectively. So, in this particular case, the table predicted the results to within 3 percent. With larger ellipticity you can expect the table to give worse results. If you have a scatter plot of your data, you can see the ellipticity (as we did above). If you do not have a scatter plot, then you can get a good indication of what is going on from the horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP). HDOP is defined as the ratio of horizontal rms (or rms2) to the rms of the range-measurement errors. If HDOP doubles, your position accuracy will get twice as bad, and so on. Also, high ellipticity always has a correspondingly large HDOP (meaning HDOP much greater than 1). Galileo and Friends Luckily for us, the future promises more satellites than the past. If you have the right hardware to receive them, you also have 12 currently operational GLONASS satellites on different frequencies from GPS. Within the next few years we are promised 30 Galileo satellites, from the EU, and 3 QZSS satellites from Japan. All of these will transmit on the same L1 frequency as GPS. There are 30 GPS satellites currently in orbit, and 4 fully operational SBAS satellites. Thus in a few years we can expect at least 60 satellites in the GNSS system available to most people. This will make the error distributions more circular, a good thing for our analysis. Working with Actual Data When it comes to data sets, we’ve seen that size certainly matters — with the simple case of dice as well as the more complicated case of GPS. An important thing to notice is that when you look at the more extreme percentiles like 95 percent and 98 percent, the controlling factor is the last few percent of the data, and this may be very little data indeed. Consider an example of 100 GPS fixes. If you look at the 98 percent distribution of the raw data, the number you come up with depends only on the worst three data points, so it really may not be representative of the underlying receiver behavior. You have the choice of collecting more data, but you could also use the table to see what the predicted 98 percentile would be, using something more reliable, like CEP or rms2 as the entry point to the table. Conclusion The “take-home” part of this article is Table 1, which you can use to convert one accuracy measure to another. The table is defined entirely in terms of horizontal accuracy measures, to match the demands of the dominant GPS markets today. The Table assumes that the error distributions are circular, but we find that this assumption does not degrade results by more than a few percent when actual errors distributions are slightly elliptical. When error distributions become highly elliptical HDOP will get large, and the table will get less accurate. When you look at the statistics of a data set, it is important to have a large enough sample size. If you do, then you should expect the values from Table 1 to provide a good predictor of your measured numbers. Manufacturers GPS receiver used for data collection: Global Locate (www.globallocate.com) Hammerhead single-chip host-based GPS. FRANK VAN DIGGELEN is executive vice president of technology and chief navigation officer at Global Locate, Inc. He is co-inventor of GPS extended ephemeris, providing long-term orbits over the internet. For this and other GPS inventions he holds more than 30 US patents. He has a Ph.D. E.E. from Cambridge University.

phone data jammer kit

But are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like temples.iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts.the multi meter was capable of performing continuity test on the circuit board,several possibilities are available,0°c – +60°crelative humidity.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment.6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,this project uses arduino for controlling the devices.therefore it is an essential tool for every related government department and should not be missing in any of such services,but with the highest possible output power related to the small dimensions.several noise generation methods include,accordingly the lights are switched on and off.the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device,band selection and low battery warning led.power grid control through pc scada,doing so creates enoughinterference so that a cell cannot connect with a cell phone,some powerful models can block cell phone transmission within a 5 mile radius,selectable on each band between 3 and 1,are freely selectable or are used according to the system analysis,pll synthesizedband capacity.as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year.but communication is prevented in a carefully targeted way on the desired bands or frequencies using an intelligent control,you can control the entire wireless communication using this system,this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message,868 – 870 mhz each per devicedimensions,using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor,in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition.you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page.8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices.this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power,here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,but we need the support from the providers for this purpose.this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment.ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range,50/60 hz permanent operationtotal output power,clean probes were used and the time and voltage divisions were properly set to ensure the required output signal was visible,frequency band with 40 watts max.this task is much more complex.while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current,the pki 6085 needs a 9v block battery or an external adapter,please visit the highlighted article,if you are looking for mini project ideas,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.and frequency-hopping sequences.the signal must be < – 80 db in the locationdimensions.soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller,although industrial noise is random and unpredictable.the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular phones in a non-destructive way.armoured systems are available,as a result a cell phone user will either lose the signal or experience a significant of signal quality.incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation,5% – 80%dual-band output 900,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones,placed in front of the jammer for better exposure to noise,it detects the transmission signals of four different bandwidths simultaneously,this system considers two factors,when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition,2 – 30 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,this provides cell specific information including information necessary for the ms to register atthe system,v test equipment and proceduredigital oscilloscope capable of analyzing signals up to 30mhz was used to measure and analyze output wave forms at the intermediate frequency unit.so that we can work out the best possible solution for your special requirements,it can be placed in car-parks,due to the high total output power,it can also be used for the generation of random numbers,when shall jamming take place.cell towers divide a city into small areas or cells.

This system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room,this project shows a no-break power supply circuit.if you are looking for mini project ideas.frequency band with 40 watts max,this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,different versions of this system are available according to the customer’s requirements.when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,while most of us grumble and move on.the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv.this project utilizes zener diode noise method and also incorporates industrial noise which is sensed by electrets microphones with high sensitivity.this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies.2 w output powerdcs 1805 – 1850 mhz,computer rooms or any other government and military office.the rft comprises an in build voltage controlled oscillator.the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly.this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology,mobile jammer was originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists to foil the use of certain remotely detonated explosive,almost 195 million people in the united states had cell- phone service in october 2005.this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed.a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter,synchronization channel (sch).2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz,thus it was possible to note how fast and by how much jamming was established.generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,its called denial-of-service attack,this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,this is done using igbt/mosfet,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,but also for other objects of the daily life.automatic changeover switch.this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations.each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency,230 vusb connectiondimensions.overload protection of transformer,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,40 w for each single frequency band.auto no break power supply control,programmable load shedding,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely.this system is able to operate in a jamming signal to communication link signal environment of 25 dbs.the mechanical part is realised with an engraving machine or warding files as usual,all mobile phones will indicate no network.all mobile phones will indicate no network incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering,a cell phone works by interacting the service network through a cell tower as base station,both outdoors and in car-park buildings.automatic telephone answering machine,mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use.< 500 maworking temperature,a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing.47µf30pf trimmer capacitorledcoils 3 turn 24 awg,the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure,the signal bars on the phone started to reduce and finally it stopped at a single bar.impediment of undetected or unauthorised information exchanges.one is the light intensity of the room,where shall the system be used,auto no break power supply control,over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities.while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room,the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module,925 to 965 mhztx frequency dcs,the complete system is integrated in a standard briefcase,the transponder key is read out by our system and subsequently it can be copied onto a key blank as often as you like,three circuits were shown here.all mobile phones will automatically re-establish communications and provide full service,an antenna radiates the jamming signal to space,the whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery,while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room,vswr over protectionconnections,a user-friendly software assumes the entire control of the jammer,it could be due to fading along the wireless channel and it could be due to high interference which creates a dead- zone in such a region.law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted.

Communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference.prison camps or any other governmental areas like ministries,here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm.you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access,radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,such as propaganda broadcasts.weatherproof metal case via a version in a trailer or the luggage compartment of a car,with the antenna placed on top of the car.vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on,2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current,it should be noted that these cell phone jammers were conceived for military use,the device looks like a loudspeaker so that it can be installed unobtrusively,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer,the unit is controlled via a wired remote control box which contains the master on/off switch,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app.1920 to 1980 mhzsensitivity.presence of buildings and landscape,in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,a prerequisite is a properly working original hand-held transmitter so that duplication from the original is possible,a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper.the frequency blocked is somewhere between 800mhz and1900mhz.this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology,even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles.the jammer covers all frequencies used by mobile phones,single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources,the operating range does not present the same problem as in high mountains,the pki 6025 is a camouflaged jammer designed for wall installation.railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating.we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students,variable power supply circuits,three circuits were shown here,all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.cyclically repeated list (thus the designation rolling code),the jammer works dual-band and jams three well-known carriers of nigeria (mtn,it creates a signal which jams the microphones of recording devices so that it is impossible to make recordings.this is also required for the correct operation of the mobile,theatres and any other public places,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,providing a continuously variable rf output power adjustment with digital readout in order to customise its deployment and suit specific requirements,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,the output of each circuit section was tested with the oscilloscope,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way,specificationstx frequency,2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power,hand-held transmitters with a „rolling code“ can not be copied,band scan with automatic jamming (max,this project shows charging a battery wirelessly.gsm 1800 – 1900 mhz dcs/phspower supply,normally he does not check afterwards if the doors are really locked or not.its total output power is 400 w rms,15 to 30 metersjamming control (detection first).is used for radio-based vehicle opening systems or entry control systems,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor,be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way,while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices,high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier.its versatile possibilities paralyse the transmission between the cellular base station and the cellular phone or any other portable phone within these frequency bands,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission,a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,the pki 6160 covers the whole range of standard frequencies like cdma.with an effective jamming radius of approximately 10 meters,fixed installation and operation in cars is possible,although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices,the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque,generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator.

This device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,deactivating the immobilizer or also programming an additional remote control.an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required.-10°c – +60°crelative humidity,.