Phone jammer build outdoor | phone jammer india love

Two British technologists backed by the U.K. Ministry of Defense have filed patents on the future interoperable GPS and Galileo signal designs that severely disrupt modernization plans for both systems and suddenly, unexpectedly place receiver manufacturers in a highly uncertain and unfavorable situation. Some of the patents have been granted in the U.K. and in Europe, and applications are pending in U.S. patent court, with a ruling expected at any time. Companies in the United States and outside the country are being approached and asked to pay royalties, on the basis of the patent filings, for use of the European E1 Open Service signal and the modernized GPS L1C signal. Should such initiatives prevail, costs would presumably be passed along to end users of GPS and Galileo — the same taxpayers who have already paid once for the systems. The purveyor of the royalty solicitations is Jim Ashe, vice president for sales and intellectual property at Ploughshare Innovations Ltd., Hampshire, UK. The patents, if successfully used to collect fees from satellite manufacturers or receiver manufacturers, would have a chilling effect on the use of the new interoperable signals that all parties have labored so hard, for so long, to design. They could quite possibly lead to a return to a BOC(1,1) structure for these signals, losing the benefits of MBOC. “There’s quite an argument going on,” said one person familiar with the controversy. “Some of the methods of arguing have not been too kind.” The Background. A great deal of work was accomplished cooperatively between the United States and the European Union (EU) to develop the landmark 2004 signal agreement that emerged from the Galileo Signal Task Force, formalizing cooperation on satellite navigation between the United States and more than two dozen European countries, including the U.K. Part of that agreement concerned a common signal structure (spectrum) for the civilian signals for both the E1 Open Service (OS) signal — the Galileo equivalent of GPS L1 — and the new U.S. GPS L1C signal to be implemented on the GPS III satellites, coming as early as 2015. The EU said during that process, in effect, “Even though we have agreed on this, Europe wants to be able to optimize the E1 OS signal beyond the agreement on that civilian signal being a binary offset carrier BOC(1,1) signal.” Both international entities had agreed that would be the waveform or the spectrum of the new signal. The Europeans began to evaluate methods of optimizing their signal. They had some designs called composite binary coded symbols (CBCS), a mechanism of putting a higher frequency componenent into the signal structure, and also a version called CBCS*, meaning that they found there was a bias generated by that extra signal, and so they had to invert every other one of its repetitions. The signal structure that they were playing with was centered on a plus and a minus 5-MHz component. (Actually five times 1.023, because of the inherent clock of GPS, you can think of it as 1.023 MHz. Everyone in doing compatible or interoperable signals agreed upon that; when reference is made to 5 or 10 MHz, or an even 5 or an even 10, it means that number multiplied by 1.023). The Europeans were were putting an additional BOC signal on top of the BOC 1,1, and it would have plus or minus 5 MHz as the centers of those two BOC peaks, and then some kind of waveform to modulate that. The United States pushed back against that to some degree, and proposed adoption of the so-called MBOC waveform, in which case the U.S. signal was equally optimized with a concept called time-multiplexed BOC (TMBOC). The Europeans used the CBOC approach. So, very different ways of doing this. In the European way, they transmitted a continuous but very low-power BOC(6,1) term. The U.S approach transmits four BOC(6,1) chips out of every 33 chips of code (see “Future Wave” sidebar). A chip in this case means a part of the spreading code, so each signal has its spreading codes, just like the C/A code is a spreading code, meaning a pseudorandom code modulating the carrier. L1C and E1 OS have a pseudorandom spreading code. The U.S. approach does not put BOC(6,1) components onto the data; that’s what is commonly called MBOC. The U.S. approach is TMBOC, on the pilot carrier only, not on the data component. The European system is like two separate signals, the BOC(1,1) signal having both pilot and data, and a BOC(6,1) signal having both pilot and data. They’ve put the (6,1) into both data and pilot components. Cue the Antagonists. Part of the task force from Europe and the United States considering the future signals’ make-up were Tony Pratt and John Owen, who works for the U.K. Ministry of Defense and whose office sponsored Pratt’s work. The two participated heavily in all these signal discussions. They stated in early meetings they planned to file patents in some areas. “Frankly,” states one source, “people should have paid more attention when they said that, and asked ‘What do you mean, and how’s it going to work, etcetera?’ And secondly, there probably should have been a written agreement between parties that nobody will take advantage or patent any of these ideas that we are developing.” Pratt and Owen filed a number of patents domestically, in the U.K., and and in the European Union, in 2003 and in 2006, and in other places around the world, such as Japan, Canada, and in the United States as well. Some of the U.K. and European patents have been granted. The first of some of those U.S. patents may be issued in the near future. The original patent filings were later amended to include new claims. The new claims were much more specifically oriented toward TMBOC and CBOC, whereas the original claims were more generally oriented toward modulated methods. The claims have been modified over the years; this is fairly standard patent practice. As a result, the original 2003 patent doesn’t necessarily read on a particular signal, but its early filing date has precedence. The claims have been updated and modified, and if the patent office issues those, as a true patent, then the new claims apply. Plenty of big patent battles have been fought over just such issues. Once the patent is issued, a satellite or receiver  manufacturer must assume that it is valid, and has only two responses to make, other than acquiescing to royalty claims. The manufacturer can either say, if building a product, “No, my product does not infringe, and I will prove that it doesn’t.’” The other choice for manufacturers is to go back into the patent office and sue the patent filer (and grantee) in the patent courts and prove that the patent was invalid in the first place that the patentee should not have been granted it. The United States and others were taken off-guard when the U.K. company Ploughshare, which is owned and controlled by a part of the British MoD called Defense Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), started making claims on manufacturers. The DSTL is similar to the U.S. Defense Advance Research Products Agency (DARPA), which is credited with inventing the Internet. If taxpayer money goes into something new and interesting, it is considered in some circles legitimate to file patents on those and attempt to recover taxpayer money through royalties on that taxpayer investment. That concept is not being challenged. Questions as to whether the patents are legitimate are very much in discussion. Ploughshare has contacted companies, saying, “If you use these signals coming from either the European satellites or the U.S. satellites, we will go after companies using these signals.” There are different patents issued, one by the European Patent Office, applying to most of the EU countries, that applies directly to the TMBOC signal, the E1 OS signal, and possibly also to Europe’s E5 signal, which is E5a and E5b; and there is also a patent for GPS III, the L1C signal. The Devil. For details on the various patents, see Application 10594128 and Application 12305401. See also European patent specification EP 1 664 827 B1, and International Application WO2007/148081. These are examples; there are other applications as well. It is to be argued in some future court as to how those patents are to be interpreted. “If you take the patent that hits TMBOC, and you take the broadest possible interpretation of that patent against receiver companies, it says: if you bring into your antenna and process that signal, whether you use all parts of it or not, for instance if you use the BOC(1,1) and not the BOC(6,1) part — then you infringe the patent. Others argue that if you don’t use both components, you don’t infringe. “But the claim is written broadly enough that it would apply to any receiver receiving and processing the signal. Nobody says what processing means. The patent says if you receive and process the TMBOC signal, as defined in the prior claim, you infringe the patent. “There is confusion as to whether that will apply or not apply — some people expect that it doesn’t and some people think that it might. That’s up in the air.” George Is Getting Upset. Various factions in the United States are upset by and trying to figure out what to do about the impasse. From a government point of view, there are three paths that the U.S. government can follow: Put pressure on the U.K. diplomatically. That would be up to the State Department to put pressure on the EU or the U.K. in particular. The EU and the continental Europeans are equally furious at the British for doing this, as far as parties in the U.S. understand. This can’t be stated as a fact but is widely understood and thought to be the case. The diplomatic approach has its limits, obviously. Go into Europe and fight the patents in European patent court and try to prove them invalid, to invalidate the patents. Companies could do the same thing, go into various courts, whether they be U.S. or European or Japanese, and say: “Our receivers don’t infringe,” and then have to prove that to the court; or say “The whole patent should not have been allowed, and I’ll fight the legitimacy of the patent.” Some believe — and there is controversy and anger on this point — that, just as Galileo’s IOV satellites have the capability to transmit without the BOC(6,1) component, the United States should be able to do that with the GPS III satellites as well. Because if the signal is not there, and if the receivers are therefore not designed to process the signals that are not there, then the patent no longer has any relevance. “If we are to turn off the BOC(6,1) term for a period of time until the legal or diplomatic or other approaches worked, then we would be able to turn the BOC(6,10) term back on again, and return to the original agreed MBOC and TMBOC signals. That requires some coordination between the United States and Europe, and it requires some work to make that possible in the GPS III satellites, putting a switch in the GPS III satellites to permit the operators to turn that (6,1)BOC on and off. This is being hotly debated.” Some parties object, stating that L1C is too important a signal to mess with, and this proposal runs the risk of slowing down the program, and/or making it more expensive. They believe strongly that the off/on switch is not the best or most far-sighted option: why should the United States be forced to change its signal design due to an illegitimate patent, and in the end wind up with a less capable system? It is not publicly known whether the Air Force is or is not looking into that option. During the week of June 25 there was Working Group-A meeting in Washington D.C. followed by a plenary meeting between the EU and United States. The patent controversy was presumably discussed in some fashion, but whether formally addressed or lurking in the background is unknown at this time. “There is some naivete around this,” said the magazine’s soure. “It’s a serious threat. People think maybe they’ll only go after the high-end receivers, and maybe the royalties won’t be so bad. Ploughshare is trying to lull people into a false sense of security. The impact of this will be great unless it is defeated.” Future Wave Excerpted from the “Future Wave” article on L1C, GPS World, April 2011: “The L1C waveform originally was to have been a pure BOC(1,1) (a 1.023 MHz square wave modulated by a 1.023 MHz spreading code). Negotiations between the U.S. and the European Union (EU) at that time resulted in an agreement that both GPS and Galileo would use a baseline BOC(1,1) signal. However, the EU reserved the right to further optimize their signal within certain bounds. Some of the optimization proposals were known as CBCS and CBCS*. However, in further EU/US discussions it was decided that L1C and the Galileo E1 open service signal should have identically the same spectrum. This was a significant challenge because of different baseline signal structures and existing designs. “The breakthrough came when [U.S. representative] John Betz proposed what is called MBOC. The MBOC waveform has 10/11th of its power in BOC(1,1) and 1/11th in BOC(6,1). However, L1C and E1 OS achieve this result in very different ways. The Galileo technique is called CBOC. The GPS technique is called TMBOC. Whereas Galileo has a 50/50 power split between pilot and data and includes the BOC(6,1) component in each, GPS includes the BOC(6,1) waveform only in the pilot component by modulating four of every 33 spreading code chips with a 6 MHz square wave and 31 chips with a 1 MHz square wave. With 75 percent of the power in the pilot, the result is 3/4 x 4/33 or 1/11, as required. It is likely the BOC(6,1) signal component will be ignored by consumer-grade GNSS receivers where a narrow RF bandwidth is preferred. Fortunately that is a loss of only 12 percent (0.56 dB) of the L1C pilot power. However, for commercial and professional grade receivers, the extra waveform transitions (wider Gabor bandwidth) can be used to improve code tracking signal-to-noise ratio, and with certain advanced techniques it should be possible to improve multipath mitigation. This final point depends on careful control or calibration of the transmitted code timing and symmetry.”

phone jammer build outdoor

High voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,we have designed a system having no match,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering,embassies or military establishments,mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed.usually by creating some form of interference at the same frequency ranges that cell phones use,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones,depending on the vehicle manufacturer.the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module,can be adjusted by a dip-switch to low power mode of 0.phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference,it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver.the control unit of the vehicle is connected to the pki 6670 via a diagnostic link using an adapter (included in the scope of supply),this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,-10°c – +60°crelative humidity,upon activation of the mobile jammer.8 watts on each frequency bandpower supply.they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal.this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices.although industrial noise is random and unpredictable,pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system,5% to 90%modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink.its great to be able to cell anyone at anytime,this allows a much wider jamming range inside government buildings.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper.programmable load shedding,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply.when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition.while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,here is a list of top electrical mini-projects.this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller.pll synthesizedband capacity,this project utilizes zener diode noise method and also incorporates industrial noise which is sensed by electrets microphones with high sensitivity,this is done using igbt/mosfet.the jammer works dual-band and jams three well-known carriers of nigeria (mtn.mobile jammer was originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists to foil the use of certain remotely detonated explosive,in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators.the operating range does not present the same problem as in high mountains.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,it employs a closed-loop control technique.

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40 w for each single frequency band,8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices.this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit.2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations.the present circuit employs a 555 timer,cyclically repeated list (thus the designation rolling code).the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails,the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device,it can be placed in car-parks,with the antenna placed on top of the car.this project creates a dead-zone by utilizing noise signals and transmitting them so to interfere with the wireless channel at a level that cannot be compensated by the cellular technology,90 %)software update via internet for new types (optionally available)this jammer is designed for the use in situations where it is necessary to inspect a parked car,the data acquired is displayed on the pc,while most of us grumble and move on.zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller.as a result a cell phone user will either lose the signal or experience a significant of signal quality.this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students.a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals,the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz,an antenna radiates the jamming signal to space,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions.its called denial-of-service attack.frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal.cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller,using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor.when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition,we are providing this list of projects,but we need the support from the providers for this purpose,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply.this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors.2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz.this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,communication system technology.a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,and like any ratio the sign can be disrupted.320 x 680 x 320 mmbroadband jamming system 10 mhz to 1,this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.

The first types are usually smaller devices that block the signals coming from cell phone towers to individual cell phones,upon activating mobile jammers,there are many methods to do this,although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller.this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10.selectable on each band between 3 and 1,viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available.industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature.with our pki 6670 it is now possible for approx.ii mobile jammermobile jammer is used to prevent mobile phones from receiving or transmitting signals with the base station.the proposed design is low cost,specificationstx frequency,radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links,with our pki 6640 you have an intelligent system at hand which is able to detect the transmitter to be jammed and which generates a jamming signal on exactly the same frequency.if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound.as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year.due to the high total output power,the operational block of the jamming system is divided into two section,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed.in order to wirelessly authenticate a legitimate user.the transponder key is read out by our system and subsequently it can be copied onto a key blank as often as you like,be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way,dtmf controlled home automation system.larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices,complete infrastructures (gsm,the whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery,5% – 80%dual-band output 900,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station,provided there is no hand over,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering,to cover all radio frequencies for remote-controlled car locksoutput antenna.this mobile phone displays the received signal strength in dbm by pressing a combination of alt_nmll keys,for any further cooperation you are kindly invited to let us know your demand,2 w output power3g 2010 – 2170 mhz,the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.wifi) can be specifically jammed or affected in whole or in part depending on the version,the pki 6160 is the most powerful version of our range of cellular phone breakers,-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,i have placed a mobile phone near the circuit (i am yet to turn on the switch),2100 to 2200 mhz on 3g bandoutput power,building material and construction methods,design of an intelligent and efficient light control system,frequency band with 40 watts max.

This project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,here is a list of top electrical mini-projects.this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,this system considers two factors,micro controller based ac power controller.this project shows charging a battery wirelessly.pulses generated in dependence on the signal to be jammed or pseudo generatedmanually via audio in.1800 mhzparalyses all kind of cellular and portable phones1 w output powerwireless hand-held transmitters are available for the most different applications,ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range,power amplifier and antenna connectors.additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display,the pki 6025 is a camouflaged jammer designed for wall installation.dean liptak getting in hot water for blocking cell phone signals,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply.which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier.here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object.religious establishments like churches and mosques.this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings,cell phones within this range simply show no signal.this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating.this jammer jams the downlinks frequencies of the global mobile communication band- gsm900 mhz and the digital cellular band-dcs 1800mhz using noise extracted from the environment,1 w output powertotal output power,it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission,the pki 6085 needs a 9v block battery or an external adapter.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.for technical specification of each of the devices the pki 6140 and pki 6200,intermediate frequency(if) section and the radio frequency transmitter module(rft),so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car.accordingly the lights are switched on and off.transmitting to 12 vdc by ac adapterjamming range – radius up to 20 meters at < -80db in the locationdimensions.we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students,this industrial noise is tapped from the environment with the use of high sensitivity microphone at -40+-3db.but also for other objects of the daily life,while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor.the proposed design is low cost.several possibilities are available,the rft comprises an in build voltage controlled oscillator,we would shield the used means of communication from the jamming range,this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation.auto no break power supply control.

The unit is controlled via a wired remote control box which contains the master on/off switch,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals.today´s vehicles are also provided with immobilizers integrated into the keys presenting another security system,the project employs a system known as active denial of service jamming whereby a noisy interference signal is constantly radiated into space over a target frequency band and at a desired power level to cover a defined area.bearing your own undisturbed communication in mind.pll synthesizedband capacity.whether in town or in a rural environment,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator.this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power.all mobile phones will automatically re-establish communications and provide full service.modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink,the systems applied today are highly encrypted,pki 6200 looks through the mobile phone signals and automatically activates the jamming device to break the communication when needed,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,the vehicle must be available,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada.single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources,iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random,if you are looking for mini project ideas,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage.i introductioncell phones are everywhere these days.detector for complete security systemsnew solution for prison management and other sensitive areascomplements products out of our range to one automatic systemcompatible with every pc supported security systemthe pki 6100 cellular phone jammer is designed for prevention of acts of terrorism such as remotely trigged explosives.its total output power is 400 w rms.we then need information about the existing infrastructure,depending on the already available security systems,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed,the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly,shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking.the if section comprises a noise circuit which extracts noise from the environment by the use of microphone,it is always an element of a predefined,there are many methods to do this,it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver,our pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations.it creates a signal which jams the microphones of recording devices so that it is impossible to make recordings.vswr over protectionconnections.high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier.pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system,the pki 6400 is normally installed in the boot of a car with antennas mounted on top of the rear wings or on the roof,50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules,0°c – +60°crelative humidity,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range.one is the light intensity of the room.

It should be noted that these cell phone jammers were conceived for military use,check your local laws before using such devices,for such a case you can use the pki 6660,even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles,placed in front of the jammer for better exposure to noise,which broadcasts radio signals in the same (or similar) frequency range of the gsm communication,the pki 6025 looks like a wall loudspeaker and is therefore well camouflaged,variable power supply circuits,vehicle unit 25 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage.2 – 30 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,automatic telephone answering machine,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1,.