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By Steffen Thoelert, Johann Furthner, and Michael Meurer Future positioning and navigation applications of modernizing and newly established GNSSs will require a higher degree of signal accuracy and precision. Thus, rigorous and detailed analysis of the signal quality of recently launched satellites, including the discovery of any possible imperfections in their performance, will have important implications for future users. Global navigation satellite systems achieved amazing progress in 2012, with major milestones reached by the various navigation and augmentation systems, bringing new satellites and satellite generations into orbit. Since the complexity of the satellites and also the requirements for a precise and robust navigation increase consistently, all of the newly available signals of the existing or emerging navigation satellite systems must be analyzed in detail to characterize their performance and imperfections, as well as to predict possible consequences for user receivers. Since the signals are well below the noise floor, we use a specifically developed GNSS monitoring facility to characterize the signals. The core element of this monitoring facility is a 30-meter high-gain antenna at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Weilheim that raises GNSS signals well above the noise floor, permitting detailed analysis. In the course of this analysis, we found differences in the signal quality in the various generations of the Chinese navigation satellite system BeiDou, differences which influence the navigation performance. This article gives an overview of new navigation satellites in orbit. For selected satellites, a first signal analysis reveals important characteristics of these signals. The data acquisition of these space vehicles was performed shortly after the start of their signal transmission to get a first hint about the quality and behavior of the satellites. For more detailed analysis, these measurements should be repeated after the satellites become operational. Then the acquired high-gain antenna raw data in combination with a precise calibration could be used for a wider range of analyses: signal power, spectra, constellation diagrams, sample analysis, correlation functions, and codes to detect anomalies and assess the signal quality and consequently the impact at the user performance. Measurement Facility In the early 1970s, DLR built a 30-meter dish (Figure 1) for the HELIOS-A/B satellite mission at the DLR site Weilheim. These satellite missions were the first U.S./German interplanetary project. The two German-built space probes, HELIOS 1 (December 1974–March 1986) and HELIOS 2 (January 1976–January 1981), approached the Sun closer than the planet Mercury and closer than any space probe ever. Later, the antenna supported space missions Giotto, AMPTE, Equator-S, and other scientific experiments. Figure 1. 30-meter high-gain antenna. In 2005, the Institute of Communications and Navigation of the DLR established an independent monitoring station for analysis of GNSS signals. The 30-meter antenna was adapted with a newly developed broadband circular polarized feed. During preparation for the GIOVE-B in-orbit validation campaign in 2008, a new receiving chain including a new calibration system was installed at the antenna. Based on successful campaigns and new satellite of modernizing GPS and GLONASS, and GNSSs under construction — Galileo and COMPASS — the facility was renewed and updated again in 2011/2012. This renewal included not only an upgrade of the measurement system itself, but also refurbishment of parts of the high-gain antenna were refurbished. The antenna is a shaped Cassegrain system with an elevation over azimuth mount. The antenna has a parabolic reflector of 30 meters in diameter and a hyperbolic sub-reflector with a diameter of 4 meters. A significant benefit of this antenna is the direct access to the feed, which is located within an adjacent cabin (Figure 2). The L-band gain of this high-gain antenna is around 50 dB, the beam width is less than 0.5°. The position accuracy in azimuth and elevation direction is 0.001°. The maximum rotational speed of the whole antenna is 1.5°/second in azimuth and 1.0°/second in elevation direction. Figure 2. The shaped Cassegrain system: (1) parabolic reflector of 30 m diameter; (2) hyperbolic sub- reflector with a diameter of 4 meter; (3) sub-reflector; (4) Cabin with feeder and measurement equipment. Measurement Set-up The antenna offers another significant advantage in the possibility to have very short electrical and high-frequency connection between the L-band feeder and the measurement equipment. As mentioned earlier, the challenge for future GNSS applications is the high accuracy of the navigation solution. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and then analyze the signals very accurately and precisely. To achieve an uncertainty of less than 1 dB for the measurement results required a complete redesign of the setup, which consists of two main parts: paths for signal receiving and acquiring the measurement data; calibration elements for different calibration issues. The path for receiving the signal and acquiring the measurement data consists of two signal chains, each equipped with two low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) with a total gain of around 70 dB, a set of filters for the individual GNSS navigation frequency bands, and isolators to suppress reflections in the measurement system. With this setup it is possible to measure right-hand circular polarized (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarized (LHCP) signals in parallel. This provides the capability to perform axial ratio analysis of the satellite signal, and consequently an assessment of the antenna of the satellite. Using the switches SP01 and SP02, the measurement system is also able to acquire data from two different bands at the same time. This enabless investigations concerning the coherence between the signals in post-processing. The signals are measured and recorded using two real-time vector signal analyzers with up to 120 MHz signal bandwidth. Both analyzers are connected to a computer capable of post-processing and storing the data. Additional equipment like digitizers or receivers can be connected to the system using the splitter III outputs, where the unfiltered RHCP signals are coupled out after the first LNA. A high-performance rubidium clock is used as reference signal for the whole measurement equipment. In front of the first LNA of each chain, a signal can be coupled in for calibration issues. Control Software. Due to the distance of the antenna location from the Institute at Oberpfaffenhofen (around 40 kilometers) it was necessary to perform all measurement and calibration procedures during a measurement campaign via remote control. A software tool was developed which can control any component of the setup remotely. In addition, this software can perform a complete autonomous operation of the whole system by a free pre-definable sequence over any period of time. This includes, for example, the selection of the different band-pass filters, the polarization output of the feed, and the control of the calibration routines. After the measurement sequence, the system automatically copies all data via LAN onto the processing facility, starts basic analysis based on spectral data, and generates a report. Sophisticated analysis based on IQ raw data is performed manually at this time. Absolute Calibration To fulfill the challenge of highly accurate measurements, it is necessary to completely characterize all elements of the measurement system, which comprises the antenna itself and the measurement system within the cabin after the feed. An absolutely necessary precondition of the calibration of the high-gain antenna is a very accurate pointing capability. The pointing error should be less than 0.01° concerning antennas of this diameter. Furthermore, it is important to check long-term stability of these characterizations and the influences of different interference types and other possible error sources. This has to be taken in to account, when it comes to a point where the value of the absolute calibration has the same range as the summed measurement uncertainties of the equipment in use. Antenna Calibration. High-accuracy measurements require not only the correct antenna alignment but also accurate power calibration of the antenna. To determine the antenna gain, well known reference sources are needed. These could be natural sources like radio stars or artificial sources like geostationary satellites. Standard reference signal sources for the calibration of high-gain antennas are the radio sources Cassiopeia A, Cygnus, and Taurus. All these radio sources are circumpolar relative to our ground station, and therefore usable for calibrations at all times of the year. A further advantage of these calibration sources is the wide frequency range of the emitted signals. Thus, contrary to other signal sources (like ARTEMIS satellite L band pilot signal) the antenna gain can be calibrated in a wide bandwidth. With the help of the well-known flux density of the celestial radio sources and using the Y-method, the relation between the gain of the antenna and the noise temperature of the receiving system, or G/T, can be measured. Measuring the noise figure of the receiving system, the antenna gain can finally be calculated. System Calibration. The measurement system calibration behind the feed is performed using wideband chirp signals. The chirp is injected into the signal chains via coupler I and II (Figure 3). The calibration signal is captured by the two vector signal analyzers. In the next step, the signal is linked via the switches directly to the analyzers, and the chirp signals are recorded as reference again. It has to be taken into account that more elements are in the loop during the chirp recordings compared to the receiving chain. These are the link between the signal generator and the couplers and the direct path to the analyzers. Figure 3. Measurement setup overview. To separate the receiving chain from the additional elements within the wideband calibration loop, two more measurements are needed. The injection path from the signal generator to the couplers and the direct paths are characterized by network analyzer (NWA) measurements. Based on the chirp and NWA measurements, the transfer function of the system is calculated to derive the gain and phase information. To determine the calibration curve over the frequency range from 1.0 GHz to 1.8 GHz, a set of overlaying chirps with different center frequencies is injected into the signal paths and combined within the analysis. Figure 4 and Figure 5 show the results of the wideband calibration of gain and phase. Figure 4. Gain of the measurement system after the feed over 14 hours. Figure 5. Phase of measurement system. Is it enough to determine the gain only once? If we assume that there is no aging effect of the elements, and the ambient conditions like temperature are constant, the gain should not change. In reality the behavior of the system is not constant. Figure 6 shows the temperature within the cabin during a failure of its air conditioning system. Figure 7 shows the corresponding gain of the measurement system during the temperature change in the cabin of about 5° Celsius. Clearly, it can be seen that the gain changed around 0.2 dB. Figure 6. Cabin temperature increase during outage of the air condition concerning measurements shown in Figure 7. Figure 7. Gain variations of the measurement system based on temperature variations in the cabin (see Figure 6). This example shows the sensitivity of the system to changes in environmental conditions. Usually the measurement system is temperature-stabilized and controlled, and the system will not change during data acquisition. But every control system can be broken, or an element changes its behavior. For this reason, the calibration is performed at least at the beginning and at the end of a satellite path (maximum 8 hours). Measurement Results Here we present selected results from the European Galileo and the Chinese BeiDou navigation systems. Galileo FM3 and FM4. In October 2012, the third and fourth operational Galileo satellites, FM3 and FM4, were launched into orbit. Signal transmissions started in November and in December, respectively. Both satellites provide fully operational signals on all three frequency bands, E1, E5, and E6. The measurement data of both satellites were captured in December 2012, shortly after the beginning of the signal transmission. Figure 8 shows the spectra of both satellites for El, E5, and E6 bands. The quality of the transmitted signals seems to be good, but for the El signal of FM4 satellite, minor deformations of the spectra are visible. Figure 8. Measurement results of Galileo IOV FM3 & FM4: El, E5 and E6 spectra. Figure 9 shows the results of the IQ constellations both for FM3 and FM4 concerning each transmitted signal band. The constellations and consequently the modulation quality of each signal are nearly perfect for the FM3 satellite. The IQ constellation diagrams of FM4 show minor deformations in each band. What impact these imperfections create for future users has yet to be analyzed. Both satellites were at the time of measurement campaign still in the in-orbit test phase and did not transmit the final CBOC signal in the E1 band. It could be expected that especially the signals of the FM4 will be adjusted to become more perfect. Figure 9 Measurement results of Galileo IOV FM3 & FM4: E1, E5, and E6 – IQ Constellation. BeiDou M6. BeiDou satellites transmit navigation signals in three different frequency bands, all are located adjacent to or even inside currently employed GPS or Galileo frequency bands. The center frequencies are for the B1 band 1561.1 MHz, B3 band 1268.52 MHz, and B2 band 1207.14 MHz. In 2012, China launched six satellites: two inclined geostationary space vehicles and four medium-Earth orbit ones, concluding in September (M5 and M6) and October 2012 (IGSO6). There have been further BeiDou launches in 2013, but these satellites’ signals are not analyzed here. Figure 10 displays calibrated measurement results from the Beidou M6 satellite. The spectra of the B2 and B3 band of the Beidou M6 satellite are clean and show no major deformation. Within the B1 spectra, some spurious results, especially on top of the side lobes, are obvious. This behavior has to be investigated more in detail to determine their origin. The IQ diagrams, which visualize the modulation quality, show also no major deformation. Only within the B3 signal, a marginal compression of the constellation points can be seen, which points to a large-signal operation at the beginning of the saturation of the amplifier of the satellite. Figure 10. BeiDou M6 satellite signal spectra and IQ constellations at B1, B2 and B3 band Conclusion Reviewing the quality of the presented measurements, signal analysis, and verification on GNSS satellites, the use of the 30-meter high-gain antenna offers excellent possibilities and results. Regarding the calibration measurements of the antenna gain and measurement system, the variances are in the range of measurement uncertainty of the equipment. The sensitivity of the measurement system concerning ambient conditions was exemplarily shown based on the gain drift caused by a temperature drift. But the solution is simple: stabilize the ambient conditions or perform calibration in a short regular cycle to detect changes within the system behavior to be able to correct them. Based on this absolute calibration, a first impression of the signal quality of Galileo FM3 and FM4 and the BeiDou M6 satellites were presented using spectral plots and IQ diagrams. Only minor distortion could be detected within the Galileo FM4 and Beidou M6 signal; these distortions may be negligible for most users. Concerning FM4 and FM3, both satellites were in the in-orbit test phase during the data acquisition. The signal quality may have been changed during their stabilization process in orbit, or the signals have been adjusted in the meantime. Thus, it would be interesting and worthwhile to repeat the measurements and perform detailed analysis to assess the final satellite quality and consequently the user performance. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the German Space Operation Centre for the opportunity to use the high-gain antenna. The support of colleagues at the DLR ground station Weilheim for the operational and maintenance service over recent years is highly appreciated. This work was partly performed within the project “Galileo SEIOT (50 NA 1005)” of the German Space Agency, funded by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology and based on a resolution by the German Bundestag. Finally, the support of DLR’s Centre of Excellence for Satellite Navigation is highly appreciated. This article is based on the paper “GNSS Survey – Signal Quality Assessment of the Latest GNSS Satellites” presented at The Institute of Navigation International Technical Meeting 2013, held in San Diego, California, January 28–30, 2013. Steffen Thoelert received his diploma degree in electrical engineering at the University of Magdeburg. He works in the Department of Navigation at German Aerospace Centre (DLR), on signal quality assessment, calibration, and automation of technical processes. Johann Furthner received his Ph.D. in laser physics at the University of Regensburg. He works in the DLR Institute of Communication and Navigation on the development of navigation systems in a number of areas (systems  simulation,  timing  aspects,  GNSS  analysis, signal verification, calibration processes). Michael Meurer received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Kaiserslautern, where he is now an associate professor, as well as director of the Department of Navigation at DLR.

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As overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.impediment of undetected or unauthorised information exchanges.the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module.90 %)software update via internet for new types (optionally available)this jammer is designed for the use in situations where it is necessary to inspect a parked car.230 vusb connectiondimensions,they are based on a so-called „rolling code“.department of computer scienceabstract,its built-in directional antenna provides optimal installation at local conditions.frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs,10 – 50 meters (-75 dbm at direction of antenna)dimensions.scada for remote industrial plant operation.2 w output powerphs 1900 – 1915 mhz,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones,the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator,a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range,this project utilizes zener diode noise method and also incorporates industrial noise which is sensed by electrets microphones with high sensitivity,cell phone jammers have both benign and malicious uses.the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1.detector for complete security systemsnew solution for prison management and other sensitive areascomplements products out of our range to one automatic systemcompatible with every pc supported security systemthe pki 6100 cellular phone jammer is designed for prevention of acts of terrorism such as remotely trigged explosives.they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal.this is done using igbt/mosfet.

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Radio transmission on the shortwave band allows for long ranges and is thus also possible across borders,by activating the pki 6050 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off.a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers,v test equipment and proceduredigital oscilloscope capable of analyzing signals up to 30mhz was used to measure and analyze output wave forms at the intermediate frequency unit,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers.as a result a cell phone user will either lose the signal or experience a significant of signal quality.this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,the vehicle must be available.religious establishments like churches and mosques,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely.this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range.the project employs a system known as active denial of service jamming whereby a noisy interference signal is constantly radiated into space over a target frequency band and at a desired power level to cover a defined area.whether voice or data communication,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer,this project shows charging a battery wirelessly.but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like temples,this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure.vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on,designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented,with its highest output power of 8 watt.

Its called denial-of-service attack.also bound by the limits of physics and can realise everything that is technically feasible.1920 to 1980 mhzsensitivity.the next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals.that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,power amplifier and antenna connectors,bearing your own undisturbed communication in mind,this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies.the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails,this jammer jams the downlinks frequencies of the global mobile communication band- gsm900 mhz and the digital cellular band-dcs 1800mhz using noise extracted from the environment,5% to 90%the pki 6200 protects private information and supports cell phone restrictions,this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,from the smallest compact unit in a portable,> -55 to – 30 dbmdetection range,for any further cooperation you are kindly invited to let us know your demand.a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating.the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module,this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,although industrial noise is random and unpredictable,this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts,this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message,according to the cellular telecommunications and internet association.

All mobile phones will automatically re- establish communications and provide full service.optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna.this was done with the aid of the multi meter,almost 195 million people in the united states had cell- phone service in october 2005.one of the important sub-channel on the bcch channel includes.are freely selectable or are used according to the system analysis,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition.brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller,whenever a car is parked and the driver uses the car key in order to lock the doors by remote control,bomb threats or when military action is underway,the device looks like a loudspeaker so that it can be installed unobtrusively,2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz.this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure,zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring.we are providing this list of projects,3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption.weather and climatic conditions.several noise generation methods include,its great to be able to cell anyone at anytime.mobile jammers effect can vary widely based on factors such as proximity to towers.when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,mainly for door and gate control.the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz,here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm.

This paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed.this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,several possibilities are available,a digital multi meter was used to measure resistance,pulses generated in dependence on the signal to be jammed or pseudo generatedmanually via audio in,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message.whether in town or in a rural environment,-10°c – +60°crelative humidity,this task is much more complex.the second type of cell phone jammer is usually much larger in size and more powerful,for such a case you can use the pki 6660,the if section comprises a noise circuit which extracts noise from the environment by the use of microphone.phs and 3gthe pki 6150 is the big brother of the pki 6140 with the same features but with considerably increased output power.incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters,the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces.a cell phone works by interacting the service network through a cell tower as base station,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails.radio remote controls (remote detonation devices).this is as well possible for further individual frequencies.so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed.this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv.morse key or microphonedimensions.

You can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls,the signal must be < – 80 db in the locationdimensions.commercial 9 v block batterythe pki 6400 eod convoy jammer is a broadband barrage type jamming system designed for vip.5% to 90%modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink,we are providing this list of projects.some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate,protection of sensitive areas and facilities,we – in close cooperation with our customers – work out a complete and fully automatic system for their specific demands.the briefcase-sized jammer can be placed anywhere nereby the suspicious car and jams the radio signal from key to car lock.control electrical devices from your android phone,programmable load shedding.mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use.this covers the covers the gsm and dcs,high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely.it should be noted that these cell phone jammers were conceived for military use,the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose.this causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable.components required555 timer icresistors – 220Ω x 2,thus any destruction in the broadcast control channel will render the mobile station communication.this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller.it can be placed in car-parks,access to the original key is only needed for a short moment,this provides cell specific information including information necessary for the ms to register atthe system.

Temperature controlled system,so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power.disrupting a cell phone is the same as jamming any type of radio communication,4 turn 24 awgantenna 15 turn 24 awgbf495 transistoron / off switch9v batteryoperationafter building this circuit on a perf board and supplying power to it,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,dtmf controlled home automation system,2100 – 2200 mhz 3 gpower supply,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering,frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal,larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices,2100 to 2200 mhz on 3g bandoutput power,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions.livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet,power grid control through pc scada,while most of us grumble and move on.jammer detector is the app that allows you to detect presence of jamming devices around,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller.both outdoors and in car-park buildings,ii mobile jammermobile jammer is used to prevent mobile phones from receiving or transmitting signals with the base station.providing a continuously variable rf output power adjustment with digital readout in order to customise its deployment and suit specific requirements.the pki 6085 needs a 9v block battery or an external adapter.the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment.we would shield the used means of communication from the jamming range.

2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system.clean probes were used and the time and voltage divisions were properly set to ensure the required output signal was visible,three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault,radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links.as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device,depending on the already available security systems.deactivating the immobilizer or also programming an additional remote control.wifi) can be specifically jammed or affected in whole or in part depending on the version,iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts.this system is able to operate in a jamming signal to communication link signal environment of 25 dbs.cell phones are basically handled two way ratios,the paralysis radius varies between 2 meters minimum to 30 meters in case of weak base station signals,it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1.such as propaganda broadcasts.we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower.50/60 hz permanent operationtotal output power.variable power supply circuits,the unit is controlled via a wired remote control box which contains the master on/off switch,phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply.all these functions are selected and executed via the display.

Preventively placed or rapidly mounted in the operational area,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,the whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery,8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices.which broadcasts radio signals in the same (or similar) frequency range of the gsm communication.this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling,at every frequency band the user can select the required output power between 3 and 1,while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,its versatile possibilities paralyse the transmission between the cellular base station and the cellular phone or any other portable phone within these frequency bands,auto no break power supply control,50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions,4 ah battery or 100 – 240 v ac,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system.therefore it is an essential tool for every related government department and should not be missing in any of such services,control electrical devices from your android phone,when zener diodes are operated in reverse bias at a particular voltage level,mobile jammer can be used in practically any location.portable personal jammers are available to unable their honors to stop others in their immediate vicinity [up to 60-80feet away] from using cell phones,integrated inside the briefcase.our pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations.government and military convoys,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app.

20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,15 to 30 metersjamming control (detection first).a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper,the transponder key is read out by our system and subsequently it can be copied onto a key blank as often as you like,all mobile phones will indicate no network,load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,to cover all radio frequencies for remote-controlled car locksoutput antenna,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,but also for other objects of the daily life,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,binary fsk signal (digital signal).noise generator are used to test signals for measuring noise figure.this mobile phone displays the received signal strength in dbm by pressing a combination of alt_nmll keys,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals,i have designed two mobile jammer circuits,there are many methods to do this.railway security system based on wireless sensor networks.it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission.by activating the pki 6100 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor.dtmf controlled home automation system.

The project is limited to limited to operation at gsm-900mhz and dcs-1800mhz cellular band,all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only,conversion of single phase to three phase supply,1800 to 1950 mhz on dcs/phs bands,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way,a prototype circuit was built and then transferred to a permanent circuit vero-board,you can control the entire wireless communication using this system,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage.smoke detector alarm circuit,the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque,the control unit of the vehicle is connected to the pki 6670 via a diagnostic link using an adapter (included in the scope of supply).the operating range is optimised by the used technology and provides for maximum jamming efficiency,sos or searching for service and all phones within the effective radius are silenced,860 to 885 mhztx frequency (gsm).due to the high total output power.complete infrastructures (gsm,once i turned on the circuit,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,90 % of all systems available on the market to perform this on your own,the zener diode avalanche serves the noise requirement when jammer is used in an extremely silet environment,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,but communication is prevented in a carefully targeted way on the desired bands or frequencies using an intelligent control,smoke detector alarm circuit.phase sequence checker for three phase supply.

2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power.the signal bars on the phone started to reduce and finally it stopped at a single bar,an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required.jammer disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower,110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message,theatres and any other public places.this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room,868 – 870 mhz each per devicedimensions,when the mobile jammer is turned off,based on a joint secret between transmitter and receiver („symmetric key“) and a cryptographic algorithm.40 w for each single frequency band,it is possible to incorporate the gps frequency in case operation of devices with detection function is undesired,1 w output powertotal output power.a potential bombardment would not eliminate such systems,it detects the transmission signals of four different bandwidths simultaneously.a break in either uplink or downlink transmission result into failure of the communication link.if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound,these jammers include the intelligent jammers which directly communicate with the gsm provider to block the services to the clients in the restricted areas..