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Permanent Link to The Evolution of Spirent GNSS Simulation
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Spirent’s simulation systems have changed significantly from their technology beginnings, which can be traced back to World War II radars. The company and its technology have evolved to keep pace with today’s growing population of GNSS constellations and to meet the challenges that receiver manufacturers and users encounter in an ever-complex integrated GNSS environment. In the early days of GPS when there were only enough satellites for a fix at odd times of the day or night, these nighttime expeditions were the only form of testing that we could get our hands on. Then as the constellation grew, we were delighted when eventually you could do open sky testing whenever you needed. It never even occurred to us that more exhaustive, more complex testing would become essential as time progressed. If you walked into any GNSS manufacturer’s testing facility nowadays, the ubiquitous test rack at the heart of most test validation systems might well include a Spirent simulator of some vintage. I recall when we were bringing up receivers in engineering, one of our concerns was how the heck could we afford another one of these beasts for the guys down in production? After we already broke the bank when we managed to convince management that we couldn’t live without a Spirent, we were wondering who we’d push to the front of the line to tell the boss that we had to buy yet another one for the guys on the production line. At one time before a cut-down single channel box became available, we shared our simulator with production who operated the system remotely and a coax run provided RF onto the production floor. We still did open sky testing in R&D, but the complex validation scenarios would have been impossible for the team without our Spirent simulation system. Recently I got to wondering where Spirent had come from and how come they had become one of the leading players in GNSS simulation. I did recall that they were UK based, that there were a number of name changes and that at one stage they also had receiver capability. So I got talking with John Pottle who’s always been my marketing window into Spirent, and Peter Boulton who’s been my principle technical contact. I was interested in Spirent’s background, their engineering capability, how they got where they are now and where they plan to go in the future. Its not surprising that Spirent’s roots go way back in England to the period of the second world war. England developed radar as an early warning system that helped win the air combat Battle of Britain. Following the extensive blitz bombing of London, the UK government subsequently re-located the radar technology team well out of harm’s way to the distant and more secure southern tip of England, and that technology team formed the core of a high-tech group based in Paignton, Devon which eventually evolved to focus on GNSS simulation. Southern England – Paignton base for Spirent. It’s a nice area to live in, with fewer people, smaller towns and a very pleasant climate. So the technology guys and their families hung around and the government facility became Standard Telephones (STC) and Cables Defence Systems. Focusing in those days on travelling wave guides, cathode ray tubes, and radar amplifiers and the like, this business grew to include solid-state amplifiers, satellite communications and repeaters for fiber-optic networks. This all needed test equipment and a test division grew up to service STC’s technology groups. As GPS came on line, the UK Government Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) needed GPS simulation capability to verify GPS system performance, and STC came up with a test system equipped with 6 dual-frequency satellite signal sources with additional jamming sources and a range of military data interfaces.  The computer operating system was VMS running on a Digital Microvax2 platform, the software was written in DEC Fortran and the DOS-like user interface had textual menus with a graphics terminal for X-Y plots. Just like we had racks of equipment for the original single channel GPS receivers, GPS simulation systems started in the same way. RAE GPS Simulation System 1987. In parallel STC was also working on a contract to develop a military GPS receiver, and several of the GPS ASICS used in that receiver found their way into the simulator. Simultaneously, the RAE contract was extended to include provision of full SA-A/S capability, which was delivered in 1988. This classified system was used to formally evaluate the Rockwell-Collins 3A receiver SA-A/S implementation – at the time this test system was the only one available capable of emulating all the features of SA-A/S. As it became clear in1988 that GPS would have a wider commercial market, STC began to invest in simulation systems for commercial receiver manufacturers. STR2740 Simulator 1989. STR2760 Simulator 1991. With dual frequency and up to 10 satellite channels, the STR2740 was still quite large as it was based on the floor standing Microvax2. Porting the software to a desktop VMS workstation gave us the more familiar STR2760 that was first displayed at the ION-GPS-1991 convention in Albuquerque. This initial unit was actually purchased from the ION display show floor and STC had to hustle to quickly make more! Then ownership passed to Northern Telecom in Canada, who was initially interested in STC’s fibre-optic communications technology and products. After a few years, Northern Telecom changed its name to Nortel – so then we all started talking about ‘Nortel simulators’. The next phase of internal development re-tuned the technology and the resulting 1997 STR4760 simulator boasted double the channel capacity and enabled the inclusion of GLONASS and SBAS capability. STR4760 Simulator 1997. In the same timeframe, development of a Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenna (CRPA) was underway in Paignton, but this didn’t quite fit with a business focus on testing, so the CRPA line was sold to Cossor, which was subsequently merged with Raytheon — and the well-known GAS-1 mil-spec CRPA was the outcome. The GPS receiver technology went along with the CRPA to Cossor and ultimately on to Raytheon. In 1997 the Nortel name also disappeared as Bowthorpe in UK became the new owners and the group became known as ‘Global Simulation Systems’ and we then had “GSS” simulators for a period, but by 2000 the parent company changed its name to Spirent, and that name seems to have stuck. When SA was switched off in 2000, the potential for commercial GPS became apparent to the Spirent team and this fired up investment in a brand new range of products for the commercial GPS L1 C/A code marketplace – units can often be found in use for single channel production testing, whilst other multi-channel simulators are in use for commercial, pre-production, R&D and verification. Full L2C, L5 and M-code GPS modernisation was introduced in 2004 while retaining essential systems and scenarios backward compatibility. Spirent’s approach has been to endeavour to get to market early with new signal capability for early adopters. Support for all Galileo signals and services arrived in 2006 and the GSS8000 series in 2008 added a wide range of additional signal generation capabilities as well as GLONASS L1/L2 and QZSS. GSS8000 Series Simulator 2008. SimGEN has been the Microsoft Windows user interface provided by Spirent since around 2002. SimGEN interfaces to external receivers, and enables external vehicle trajectory input via various interfaces. High speed remote control is also possible and logging/displaying/plotting is also available for report generation and results analysis. So today, Spirent has accumulated a significant range of simulation capabilities: Galileo RF constellation simulators for all frequencies & services GPS L1 C/A and P/Y, L2C, L5, M-Code, M-Noise, L1C GPS SBAS (MSAS, WAAS, EGNOS, Gagan) GLONASS L1/L2 QZSS L1 C/A, SAIF, L1c, L2c and L5 signals R&D systems for the IRNSS regional system program Automotive sensor simulation SimGEN emulation of Aircraft Landing Augmentation System (GBAS) SimINERTIAL adds stimulation of test Inputs for several types of inertial sensors. Equipment for both GNSS manufacturing and field testing With around 25 in-house engineers and a number of outside consultants, the technical team is not huge. But with 27 years of accumulated experience in GNSS simulation, and a large ‘vault’ of key technologies, Spirent is well positioned for the challenges that the world’s multiple, evolving GNSS constellations are presenting to manufacturers. So what’s next for the Spirent simulator business? Well the Chinese COMPASS constellation is coming on fast, so even though there is still no complete, usable public ICD available, Spirent has adopted the same approach used when release of the Galileo ICD was restricted by ESA – Spirent supplies a COMPASS simulator which has the ‘real’ modulation and frequencies, but the customer inputs the navigation messages. Spirent is also getting some traction from users who want simulation systems to model specific applications – like car motion sensors to simulate the inputs of in-vehicle navigation system, or full ground segment monitoring and fully integrated message generation for GBAS aircraft landing systems or simulation designed for testing of integrated GPS/Inertial systems. The days of relying on GNSS alone for navigation and positioning may be fast disappearing, so its likely that things will get even more complex. While there may be some significant questions, such as which combination of GNSS frequencies/signals/constellations to choose from to optimise performance for a particular application, the focus for developers is getting much broader than GNSS or even multi-GNSS alone. Or you could say that the problem has shifted from proving GPS receiver performance alone, to proving, and improving systems and applications performance to meet increasingly demanding end-user needs. For example, in defence applications where integrity and resilience are key focus areas, inertial navigation is used to complement GNSS, and adaptive antenna technology helps to overcome intentional interference threats. In commercial markets, getting good accuracy everywhere has led to hybrid approaches that include cellular and Wi-Fi positioning and augmentation from MEMS inertial sensors. Spirent’s product road maps appear to reflect this shift in customer needs. This year we should expect to see Spirent GNSS/inertial test capability for commercial inertial sensors, and also manufacturing and functional testing of consumer devices that include not only GNSS but also Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and other emerging technologies such as near-field communications (NFC) contactless technologies. So a varied range of GNSS simulation capabilities which match up to the challenges which users face in the real world — and with over 800 simulations systems supplied world-wide, Spirent is surely setting the pace for the evolving GNSS & systems simulation marketplace. Tony Murfin GNSS Aerospace      
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Permanent Link to The Evolution of Spirent GNSS Simulation
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phone jammer canada login

You can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls.this allows an ms to accurately tune to a bs,the choice of mobile jammers are based on the required range starting with the personal pocket mobile jammer that can be carried along with you to ensure undisrupted meeting with your client or personal portable mobile jammer for your room or medium power mobile jammer or high power mobile jammer for your organization to very high power military.each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency,you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access,mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use,over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities,5 kgadvanced modelhigher output powersmall sizecovers multiple frequency band.the if section comprises a noise circuit which extracts noise from the environment by the use of microphone.railway security system based on wireless sensor networks.the frequency blocked is somewhere between 800mhz and1900mhz,2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment.here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers.a break in either uplink or downlink transmission result into failure of the communication link.0°c – +60°crelative humidity,this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier.iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random,zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings,all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only,the proposed design is low cost,ac power control using mosfet / igbt.variable power supply circuits.2 ghzparalyses all types of remote-controlled bombshigh rf transmission power 400 w,this project shows a temperature-controlled system,auto no break power supply control.this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.power grid control through pc scada.this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet.40 w for each single frequency band,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message,generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator.5% to 90%modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink,to duplicate a key with immobilizer,whether in town or in a rural environment,the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz,frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs,the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming.the rf cellulartransmitter module with 0,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition.in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,similar to our other devices out of our range of cellular phone jammers.

Conversion of single phase to three phase supply.it is required for the correct operation of radio system.larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices.this is done using igbt/mosfet,the aim of this project is to achieve finish network disruption on gsm- 900mhz and dcs-1800mhz downlink by employing extrinsic noise,– active and passive receiving antennaoperating modes.it can be placed in car-parks,the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.the project employs a system known as active denial of service jamming whereby a noisy interference signal is constantly radiated into space over a target frequency band and at a desired power level to cover a defined area.we are providing this list of projects,check your local laws before using such devices,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range.5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma,provided there is no hand over,an antenna radiates the jamming signal to space.there are many methods to do this,the zener diode avalanche serves the noise requirement when jammer is used in an extremely silet environment,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,presence of buildings and landscape.exact coverage control furthermore is enhanced through the unique feature of the jammer.this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator.the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator.this is as well possible for further individual frequencies.that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,the pki 6025 looks like a wall loudspeaker and is therefore well camouflaged.i have placed a mobile phone near the circuit (i am yet to turn on the switch),police and the military often use them to limit destruct communications during hostage situations,for any further cooperation you are kindly invited to let us know your demand,radio remote controls (remote detonation devices).upon activating mobile jammers.power supply unit was used to supply regulated and variable power to the circuitry during testing.zener diodes and gas discharge tubes,in contrast to less complex jamming systems,transmitting to 12 vdc by ac adapterjamming range – radius up to 20 meters at < -80db in the locationdimensions.jammer detector is the app that allows you to detect presence of jamming devices around,a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier,components required555 timer icresistors – 220Ω x 2.< 500 maworking temperature.5 ghz range for wlan and bluetooth.this project shows charging a battery wirelessly.

230 vusb connectiondimensions,its versatile possibilities paralyse the transmission between the cellular base station and the cellular phone or any other portable phone within these frequency bands,impediment of undetected or unauthorised information exchanges.this system is able to operate in a jamming signal to communication link signal environment of 25 dbs,therefore the pki 6140 is an indispensable tool to protect government buildings.this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure.the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure,vswr over protectionconnections,load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit.a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max.single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources.selectable on each band between 3 and 1.radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links.communication can be jammed continuously and completely or,my mobile phone was able to capture majority of the signals as it is displaying full bars,the multi meter was capable of performing continuity test on the circuit board,mainly for door and gate control,it employs a closed-loop control technique.is used for radio-based vehicle opening systems or entry control systems,be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way,detector for complete security systemsnew solution for prison management and other sensitive areascomplements products out of our range to one automatic systemcompatible with every pc supported security systemthe pki 6100 cellular phone jammer is designed for prevention of acts of terrorism such as remotely trigged explosives,> -55 to – 30 dbmdetection range,this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations,although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices.overload protection of transformer,this can also be used to indicate the fire,-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,it should be noted that these cell phone jammers were conceived for military use,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones.we are providing this list of projects,control electrical devices from your android phone.this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage.bearing your own undisturbed communication in mind,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular phones in a non-destructive way,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada.the operating range does not present the same problem as in high mountains,power amplifier and antenna connectors,3 w output powergsm 935 – 960 mhz.optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna.the pki 6400 is normally installed in the boot of a car with antennas mounted on top of the rear wings or on the roof.

So that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car.dtmf controlled home automation system,the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces.soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller,communication system technology.2100 – 2200 mhz 3 gpower supply,this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system.pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system,i have designed two mobile jammer circuits,accordingly the lights are switched on and off.110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption,all mobile phones will automatically re- establish communications and provide full service.solutions can also be found for this.overload protection of transformer.phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission.so that we can work out the best possible solution for your special requirements,they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower.the signal bars on the phone started to reduce and finally it stopped at a single bar,blocking or jamming radio signals is illegal in most countries,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page.hand-held transmitters with a „rolling code“ can not be copied.but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like temples,thus it can eliminate the health risk of non-stop jamming radio waves to human bodies.solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,1920 to 1980 mhzsensitivity.bomb threats or when military action is underway,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply.both outdoors and in car-park buildings,10 – 50 meters (-75 dbm at direction of antenna)dimensions,the whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery,50/60 hz permanent operationtotal output power,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply.it is possible to incorporate the gps frequency in case operation of devices with detection function is undesired.we then need information about the existing infrastructure,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,variable power supply circuits.this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator,while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,gsm 1800 – 1900 mhz dcs/phspower supply.

The cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage.this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology,design of an intelligent and efficient light control system,the next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks,nothing more than a key blank and a set of warding files were necessary to copy a car key,for such a case you can use the pki 6660,v test equipment and proceduredigital oscilloscope capable of analyzing signals up to 30mhz was used to measure and analyze output wave forms at the intermediate frequency unit,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed,where shall the system be used,this project uses arduino for controlling the devices,load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit.due to the high total output power.this mobile phone displays the received signal strength in dbm by pressing a combination of alt_nmll keys,the unit is controlled via a wired remote control box which contains the master on/off switch,iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts,energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,this project shows a no-break power supply circuit,the briefcase-sized jammer can be placed anywhere nereby the suspicious car and jams the radio signal from key to car lock,and cell phones are even more ubiquitous in europe,depending on the already available security systems.110 – 220 v ac / 5 v dcradius,while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current.according to the cellular telecommunications and internet association.while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room,the paralysis radius varies between 2 meters minimum to 30 meters in case of weak base station signals,phs and 3gthe pki 6150 is the big brother of the pki 6140 with the same features but with considerably increased output power,cyclically repeated list (thus the designation rolling code),a potential bombardment would not eliminate such systems,communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference.incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.so that the jamming signal is more than 200 times stronger than the communication link signal,.
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