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Figure 1. Distribution of the GPS+COMPASS tracking network established by the GNSS Research Center at Wuhan University and used as test network in this study. Data from a tracking network with 12 stations in China, the Pacific region, Europe, and Africa demonstrates the capacity of Compass with a constellation comprising four geostationary Earth-orbit (GEO) satellites and five inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites in operation. The regional system will be completed around the end of 2012 with a constellation of five GEOs, five IGSOs, and four medium-Earth orbit (MEO) satellites. By 2020 it will be extended into a global system. By Maorong Ge, Hongping Zhang, Xiaolin Jia, Shuli Song, and Jens Wickert China’s satellite navigation system Compass, also known as BeiDou, has been in deveopment for more than a decade. According to the China National Space Administration, the development is scheduled in three steps: experimental system, regional system, and global system. The experimental system was established as the BeiDou-1 system, with a constellation comprising three satellites in geostationary orbit (GEO), providing operational positioning and short-message communication. The follow-up BeiDou-2 system is planned to be built first as a regional system with a constellation of five GEO satellites, five in inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO), and four in medium-Earth orbit (MEO), and then to be extended to a global system consisting of five GEO, three IGSO, and 27 MEO satellites. The regional system is expected to provide operational service for China and its surroundings by the end of 2012, and the global system to be completed by the end of 2020. The Compass system will provide two levels of services. The open service is free to civilian users with positioning accuracy of 10 meters, timing accuracy of 20 nanoseconds (ns) and velocity accuracy of 0.2 meters/second (m/s). The authorized service ensures more precise and reliable uses even in complex situations and probably includes short-message communications. The fulfillment of the regional-system phase is approaching, and the scheduled constellation is nearly completed. Besides the standard services and the precise relative positioning, a detailed investigation on the real-time precise positioning service of the Compass regional system is certainly of great interest. With data collected in May 2012 at a regional tracking network deployed by Wuhan University, we investigate the performance of precise orbit and clock determination, which is the base of all the precise positioning service, using Compass data only. We furthermore demonstrate the capability of Compass precise positioning service by means of precise point positioning (PPP) in post-processing and simulated real-time mode. After a short description of the data set, we introduce the EPOS-RT software package, which is used for all the data processing. Then we explain the processing strategies for the various investigations, and finally present the results and discuss them in detail. Tracking Data The GNSS research center at Wuhan University is deploying its own global GNSS network for scientific purposes, focusing on the study of Compass, as there are already plenty of data on the GPS and GLONASS systems. At this point there are more than 15 stations in China and its neighboring regions. Two weeks of tracking data from days 122 to 135 in 2012 is made available for the study by the GNSS Research Center at Wuhan University, with the permission of the Compass authorities. The tracking stations are equipped with UR240 dual-frequency receivers and UA240 antennas, which can receive both GPS and Compass signals, and are developed by the UNICORE company in China. For this study, 12 stations are employed. Among them are seven stations located in China: Chengdu (chdu), Harbin (hrbn), HongKong (hktu), Lhasa (lasa), Shanghai (sha1), Wuhan (cent) and Xi’an (xian); and five more in Singapore (sigp), Australia (peth), the United Arab Emirates (dhab), Europa (leid) and Africa (joha). Figure 1 shows the distribution of the stations, while Table 1 shows the data availability of each station during the selected test period. Table 1. Data availability of the stations in the test network. There were 11 satellites in operation: four GEOs (C01, C03, C04, C05), five IGSOs (C06, C07, C08, C09, C10), and two MEOs (C11, C12). During the test time, two maneuvers were detected, on satellite C01 on day 123 and on C06 on day 130. The two MEOs are not included in the processing because they were still in their test phase. Software Packages The EPOS-RT software was designed for both post-mission and real-time processing of observations from multi-techniques, such as GNSS and satellite laser ranging (SLR) and possibly very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), for various applications in Earth and space sciences. It has been developed at the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), primarily for real-time applications, and has been running operationally for several years for global PPP service and its augmentation. Recently the post-processing functions have been developed to support precise orbit determinations of GNSS and LEOs for several ongoing projects. We have adapted the software package for Compass data for this study. As the Compass signal is very similar to those of GPS and Galileo, the adaption is straight-forward thanks to the new structure of the software package. The only difference to GPS and Galileo is that recently there are mainly GEOs and IGSOs in the Compass system, instead of only MEOs. Therefore, most of the satellites can only be tracked by a regional network; thus, the observation geometry for precise orbit determination and for positioning are rather different from current GPS and GLONASS. Figure 2 shows the structure of the software package. It includes the following basic modules: preprocessing, orbit integration, parameter estimation and data editing, and ambiguity-fixing. We have developed a least-square estimator for post-mission data processing and a square-root information filter estimator for real-time processing. Figure 2. Structure of the EPOS-RT software. GPS Data Processing To assess Compass-derived products, we need their so-called true values. The simplest way is to estimate the values using the GPS data provided by the same receivers. First of all, PPP is employed to process GPS data using International GNSS Service (IGS) final products. PPP is carried out for the stations over the test period on a daily basis, with receiver clocks, station coordinates, and zenith tropospheric delays (ZTD) as parameters. The repeatability of the daily solutions confirms a position accuracy of better than 1 centimeter (cm), which is good enough for Compass data processing. The station clock corrections and the ZTD are also obtained as by-products. The daily solutions are combined to get the final station coordinates. These coordinates will be fixed as ground truth in Compass precise orbit and clock determination. Compass and GPS do not usually have the same antenna phase centers, and the antenna is not yet calibrated, thus the corresponding corrections are not yet available. However, this difference could be ignored in this study, as antennas of the same type are used for all the stations. Orbit and Clock Determination For Compass, a three-day solution is employed for precise orbit and clock estimation, to improve the solution strength because of the weak geometry of a regional tracking network. The orbits and clocks are estimated fully independent from the GPS observations and their derived results, except the station coordinates, which are used as known values. The estimated products are validated by checking the orbit differences of the overlapped time span between two adjacent three-day solutions. As shown in Figure 3, orbit of the last day in a three-day solution is compared with that over the middle day of the next three-day solution. The root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of the orbit difference is used as index to qualify the estimated orbit. Figure 3. Three-day solution and orbit overlap. The last day of a three-day solution is compared with the middle day of the next three-day solution. In each three-day solution, the observation models and parameters used in the processing are listed in Table 2, which are similar to the operational IGS data processing at GFZ except that the antenna phase center offset (PCO) and phase center variation (PCV) are set to zero for both receivers and satellites because they are not yet available. Satellite force models are also similar to those we use for GPS and GLONASS in our routine IGS data processing and are listed in Table 2. There is also no information about the attitude control of the Compass satellites. We assume that the nominal attitude is defined the same as GPS satellite of Block IIR. Table 2. Observation and force models and parameters used in the processing. Satellite Orbits. Figure 4 shows the statistics of the overlapped orbit comparison for each individual satellite. The averaged RMS in along- and cross-track and radial directions and 3D-RMS as well are plotted. GEOs are on the left side, and IGSOs on the right side; the averaged RMS of the two groups are indicated as (GEO) and (IGSO) respectively. The RMS values are also listed in Table 3. As expected, GEO satellites have much larger RMS than IGSOs. On average, GEOs have an accuracy measured by 3D-RMS of 288 cm, whereas that of IGSOs is about 21 cm. As usual, the along-track component of the estimated orbit has poorer quality than the others in precise orbit determination; this is evident from Figure 4 and Table 3. However, the large 3D-RMS of GEOs is dominated by the along-track component, which is several tens of times larger than those of the others, whereas IGSO shows only a very slight degradation in along-track against the cross-track and radial. The major reason is that IGSO has much stronger geometry due to its significant movement with respect to the regional ground-tracking network than GEO. Figure 4. Averaged daily RMS of all 12 three-day solutions. GEOs are on the left side and IGSOs on the right. Their averages are indicated with (GEO) and (IGSO), respectively. Table 3. RMS of overlapped orbits (unit, centimeters). If we check the time series of the orbit differences, we notice that the large RMS in along-track direction is actually due to a constant disagreement of the two overlapped orbits. Figure 5 plots the time series of orbit differences for C05 and C06 as examples of GEO and IGSO satellites, respectively. For both satellites, the difference in along-track is almost a constant and it approaches –5 meters for C05. Note that GEO shows a similar overlapping agreement in cross-track and radial directions as IGSO. Figure 5. Time series of orbit differences of satellite C05 and C06 on the day 124 2012. A large constant bias is in along-track, especially for GEO C05. Satellite Clocks. Figure 6 compares the satellite clocks derived from two adjacent three-day solutions, as was done for the satellite orbits. Satellite C10 is selected as reference for eliminating the epoch-wise systematic bias. The averaged RMS is about 0.56 ns (17 cm) and the averaged standard deviation (STD) is 0.23 ns (7 cm). Satellite C01 has a significant larger bias than any of the others, which might be correlated with its orbits. From the orbit and clock comparison, both orbit and clock can hardly fulfill the requirement of PPP of cm-level accuracy. However, the biases in orbit and clock are usually compensatable to each other in observation modeling. Moreover, the constant along-track biases produce an almost constant bias in observation modeling because of the slightly changed geometry for GEOs. This constant bias will not affect the phase observations due to the estimation of ambiguity parameters. Its effect on ranges can be reduced by down-weighting them properly. Therefore, instead of comparing orbit and clock separately, user range accuracy should be investigated as usual. In this study, the quality of the estimated orbits and clocks is assessed by the repeatability of the station coordinates derived by PPP using those products. Figure 6. Statistics of the overlap differences of the estimated receiver and satellite clocks. Satellite C10 is selected as the reference clock. Precise Point Positioning With these estimates of satellite orbits and clocks, PPP in static and kinematic mode are carried out for a user station that is not involved in the orbit and clock estimation, to demonstrate the accuracy of the Compass PPP service. In the PPP processing, ionosphere-free phase and range are used with proper weight. Satellite orbits and clocks are fixed to the abovementioned estimates. Receiver clock is estimated epoch-wise, remaining tropospheric delay after an a priori model correction is parameterized with a random-walk process. Carrier-phase ambiguities are estimated but not fixed to integer. Station coordinates are estimated according to the positioning mode: as determined parameters for static mode or as epoch-wise independent parameters for kinematic mode. Data from days 123 to 135 at station CHDU in Chengdu, which is not involved in the orbit and clock determination, is selected as user station in the PPP processing. The estimated station coordinates and ZTD are compared to those estimated with GPS data, respectively. Static PPP. In the static test, PPP is performed with session length of 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours. Figure 7 and Table 4 show the statistics of the position differences of the static solutions with various session lengths over days 123 to 125. The accuracy of the PPP-derived positions with 2 hours data is about 5 cm, 3 cm, and 10 cm in east, north, and vertical, compared to the GPS daily solution. Accuracy improves with session lengths. If data of 6 hours or longer are involved in the processing, position accuracy is about 1 cm in east and north and 4 cm in vertical. From Table 4, the accuracy is improved to a few millimeters in horizontal and 2 cm in vertical with observations of 12 to 24 hours. The larger RMS in vertical might be caused by the different PCO and PCV of the receiver antenna for GPS and Compass, which is not yet available. Figure 7. Position differences of static PPP solutions with session length of 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours compared to the estimates using daily GPS data for station CHDU. Table 4. RMS of PPP position with different session length. Kinematic PPP. Kinematic PPP is applied to the CHDU station using the same orbit and clock products as for the static positioning for days 123 to 125 in 2012. The result of day 125 is presented here as example. The positions are estimated by means of the sequential least-squares adjustment with a very loose constraint of 1 meter to positions at two adjacent epochs. The result estimated with backward smoothing is shown in Figure 8. The differences are related to the daily Compass static solution. The bias and STD of the differences in east, north, and vertical are listed in Table 5. The bias is about 16 mm, 13 mm, and 1 mm, and the STD is 10 mm, 14 mm and 55 mm, in east, north, and vertical, respectively. Figure 8. Position differences of the kinematic PPP and the daily static solution, and number of satellites observed. Table 5. Statistics of the position differences of the kinematic PPP in post-processing mode and the daily solution. (m) Compass-Derived ZTD. ZTD is a very important product that can be derived from GNSS observations besides the precise orbits and clocks and positions. It plays a crucial role in meteorological study and weather forecasting. ZTD at the CHDU station is estimated as a stochastic process with a power density of 5 mm √hour by fixing satellite orbits, clocks, and station coordinates to their precisely estimated values, as is usually done for GPS data. The same processing procedure is also applied to the GPS data collected at the station, but with IGS final orbits and clocks. The ZTD time series derived independently from Compass and GPS observations over days 123 to 125 in 2012 and their differences are shown on Figure 9. Figure 9. Comparison of ZTD derived independently from GPS and COMPASS observations. The offset of the two time series is about -14 mm (GPS – COMPASS) and the STD is about 5 mm. Obviously, the disagreement is mainly caused by Compass, because GPS-derived ZTD is confirmed of a much better quality by observations from other techniques. However, this disagreement could be reduced by applying corrected PCO and PCV corrections of the receiver antennas, and of course it will be significantly improved with more satellites in operation. Simulated Real-Time PPP Service Global real-time PPP service promises to be a very precise positioning service system. Hence we tried to investigate the capability of a Compass real-time PPP service by implementing a simulated real-time service system and testing with the available data set. We used estimates of a three-day solution as a basis to predict the orbits of the next 12 hours. The predicted orbits are compared with the estimated ones from the three-day solution. The statistics of the predicted orbit differences for the first 12 hours on day 125 in 2012 are shown on Figure 10. From Figure 10, GEOs and IGSOs have very similar STDs of about 30 cm on average. Thus, the significantly large RMS, up to 6 meters for C04 and C05, implies large constant difference in this direction. The large constant shift in the along-track direction is a major problem of the current Compass precise orbit determination. Fortunately, this constant bias does not affect the positioning quality very much, because in a regional system the effects of such bias on observations are very similar. Figure 10. RMS (left) and STD (right) of the differences between predicted and estimated orbits. With the predicted orbit hold fixed, satellite clocks are estimated epoch-by-epoch with fixed station coordinates. The estimated clocks are compared with the clocks of the three-day solution, and they agree within 0.5 ns in STD. As the separated comparison of orbits and clocks usually does not tell the truth of the accuracy of the real-time positioning service, simulated real-time positioning using the estimated orbits and clocks is performed to reveal the capability of Compass real-time positioning service. Figure 11 presents the position differences of the simulated real-time PPP service and the ground truth from the static daily solution. Comparing the real-time PPP result in Figure 11 and the post-processing result in Figure 8, a convergence time of about a half-hour is needed for real-time PPP to get positions of 10-cm accuracy. Afterward, the accuracy stays within ±20 cm and gets better with time. The performance is very similar to that of GPS because at least six satellites were observed and on average seven satellites are involved in the positioning. No predicted orbit for C01 is available due to its maneuver on the day before. Comparing the constellation in the study and that planned for the regional system, there are still one GEO and four MEOs to be deployed in the operational regional system. Therefore, with the full constellation, accuracy of 1 decimeter or even of cm-level is achievable for the real-time precise positioning service using Compass only. Figure 11. Position differences of the simulated real-time PPP and the static daily PPP. The number of observed satellites is also plotted. Summary The three-day precise orbit and clock estimation shows an orbit accuracy, measured by overlap 3D-RMS, of better than 288 cm for GEOs and 21 cm for IGSOs, and the accuracy of satellite clocks of 0.23 ns in STD and 0.56 in RMS. The largest orbit difference occurs in along-track direction which is almost a constant shift, while differences in the others are rather small. The static PPP shows an accuracy of about 5 cm, 3 cm, and 10 cm in east, north, and vertical with two hours observations. With six hours or longer data, accuracy can reach to 1 cm in horizontal and better than 4 cm in vertical. The post-mission kinematic PPP can provide position accuracy of 2 cm, 2 cm, and 5 cm in east, north, and vertical. The high quality of PPP results suggests that the orbit biases, especially the large constant bias in along-track, can be compensated by the estimated satellite clocks and/or absorbed by ambiguity parameters due to the almost unchanged geometry for GEOs. The simulated real-time PPP service also confirms that real-time positioning services of accuracy at 1 decimeter-level and even cm–level is achievable with the Compass constellation of only nine satellites. The accuracy will improve with completion of the regional system. This is a preliminary achievement, accomplished in a short time. We look forward to results from other colleagues for comparison. Further studies will be conducted to validate new strategies for improving accuracy, reliability, and availability. We are also working on the integrated processing of data from Compass and other GNSSs. We expect that more Compass data, especially real-time data, can be made available for future investigation. UA240 OEM card made by Unicore company and used in Compass reference stations. Acknowledgments We thank the GNSS research center at Wuhan University and the Compass authorities for making the data available for this study. The material in this article was first presented at the ION-GNSS 2012 conference. Maorong Ge received his Ph.D. in geodesy at Wuhan University, China. He is now a senior scientist and head of the GNSS real-time software group at the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ Potsdam). Hongping Zhang is an associate professor of the State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing at Wuhan University, and holds a Ph.D. in GNSS applications from Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. He designed the processing system of ionospheric modeling and prediction for the Compass system. Xiaolin Jia is a senior engineer at Xian Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping. He received his Ph.D. from the Surveying and Mapping College of Zhengzhou Information Engineering University. Shuli Song is an associate research fellow. She obtained her Ph.D. from the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of sciences. Jens Wickert obtained his doctor’s degree from Karl-Franzens-University Graz in geophysics/meteorology. He is acting head of the GPS/Galileo Earth Observation section at the German Research Center for Geosciences GFZ at Potsdam.

phone jammer canada third bank

Zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier.the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module.and frequency-hopping sequences.this covers the covers the gsm and dcs.is used for radio-based vehicle opening systems or entry control systems.three circuits were shown here.viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available,from analysis of the frequency range via useful signal analysis,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range.a jammer working on man-made (extrinsic) noise was constructed to interfere with mobile phone in place where mobile phone usage is disliked,starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially,standard briefcase – approx.this causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable,the next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks,they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal,whether copying the transponder.this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message.the use of spread spectrum technology eliminates the need for vulnerable “windows” within the frequency coverage of the jammer,the project employs a system known as active denial of service jamming whereby a noisy interference signal is constantly radiated into space over a target frequency band and at a desired power level to cover a defined area.5 ghz range for wlan and bluetooth.the pki 6025 is a camouflaged jammer designed for wall installation,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app.

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So that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,3 w output powergsm 935 – 960 mhz,this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values.-10 up to +70°cambient humidity,although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,cell phone jammers have both benign and malicious uses.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,many businesses such as theaters and restaurants are trying to change the laws in order to give their patrons better experience instead of being consistently interrupted by cell phone ring tones,by this wide band jamming the car will remain unlocked so that governmental authorities can enter and inspect its interior.frequency scan with automatic jamming.this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,a spatial diversity setting would be preferred.2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power.this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology.when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition,the operational block of the jamming system is divided into two section,based on a joint secret between transmitter and receiver („symmetric key“) and a cryptographic algorithm,incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,pll synthesizedband capacity.

Over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities.zener diodes and gas discharge tubes.the whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery,if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound,here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada.the signal bars on the phone started to reduce and finally it stopped at a single bar,selectable on each band between 3 and 1,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure,accordingly the lights are switched on and off,all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only,the mechanical part is realised with an engraving machine or warding files as usual.a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals,in common jammer designs such as gsm 900 jammer by ahmad a zener diode operating in avalanche mode served as the noise generator,2100-2200 mhztx output power.when shall jamming take place,presence of buildings and landscape,this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,for technical specification of each of the devices the pki 6140 and pki 6200,its great to be able to cell anyone at anytime.this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings,theatres and any other public places.

Here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers,while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor.they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower,this is done using igbt/mosfet,this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,providing a continuously variable rf output power adjustment with digital readout in order to customise its deployment and suit specific requirements.this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,1900 kg)permissible operating temperature,mobile jammer was originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists to foil the use of certain remotely detonated explosive.frequency band with 40 watts max,20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs,weather and climatic conditions,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption.the aim of this project is to achieve finish network disruption on gsm- 900mhz and dcs-1800mhz downlink by employing extrinsic noise,all mobile phones will indicate no network.the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off.in contrast to less complex jamming systems,it can be placed in car-parks,additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display.

1800 mhzparalyses all kind of cellular and portable phones1 w output powerwireless hand-held transmitters are available for the most different applications,this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations,pulses generated in dependence on the signal to be jammed or pseudo generatedmanually via audio in,i can say that this circuit blocks the signals but cannot completely jam them,320 x 680 x 320 mmbroadband jamming system 10 mhz to 1.please visit the highlighted article,which is used to provide tdma frame oriented synchronization data to a ms.can be adjusted by a dip-switch to low power mode of 0,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors.rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller,industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature,the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure,47µf30pf trimmer capacitorledcoils 3 turn 24 awg.the predefined jamming program starts its service according to the settings,placed in front of the jammer for better exposure to noise,dean liptak getting in hot water for blocking cell phone signals,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely.all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year,we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students,mainly for door and gate control.this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage.

It detects the transmission signals of four different bandwidths simultaneously,this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts,this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,phase sequence checker for three phase supply,when zener diodes are operated in reverse bias at a particular voltage level.because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely.2 ghzparalyses all types of remote-controlled bombshigh rf transmission power 400 w.the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.its called denial-of-service attack,strength and location of the cellular base station or tower.ac power control using mosfet / igbt,an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required.a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter.2 w output power3g 2010 – 2170 mhz,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year.the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules.if you are looking for mini project ideas.frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal.this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation.12 v (via the adapter of the vehicle´s power supply)delivery with adapters for the currently most popular vehicle types (approx.6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,all mobile phones will indicate no network incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque.

3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption.the briefcase-sized jammer can be placed anywhere nereby the suspicious car and jams the radio signal from key to car lock,the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque.-10°c – +60°crelative humidity,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed.this jammer jams the downlinks frequencies of the global mobile communication band- gsm900 mhz and the digital cellular band-dcs 1800mhz using noise extracted from the environment,jammer disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower,power grid control through pc scada,the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies.shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking.so that we can work out the best possible solution for your special requirements,if you are looking for mini project ideas,band selection and low battery warning led.a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones.each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency,this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room,the unit is controlled via a wired remote control box which contains the master on/off switch,detector for complete security systemsnew solution for prison management and other sensitive areascomplements products out of our range to one automatic systemcompatible with every pc supported security systemthe pki 6100 cellular phone jammer is designed for prevention of acts of terrorism such as remotely trigged explosives,i have placed a mobile phone near the circuit (i am yet to turn on the switch),high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier.wifi) can be specifically jammed or affected in whole or in part depending on the version,religious establishments like churches and mosques.

> -55 to – 30 dbmdetection range.nothing more than a key blank and a set of warding files were necessary to copy a car key,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station.this project shows a no-break power supply circuit.1800 to 1950 mhztx frequency (3g),but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like temples.with our pki 6670 it is now possible for approx,auto no break power supply control,if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound,specificationstx frequency,it should be noted that these cell phone jammers were conceived for military use,2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current.one is the light intensity of the room.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing,this is also required for the correct operation of the mobile,this project shows a temperature-controlled system.phs and 3gthe pki 6150 is the big brother of the pki 6140 with the same features but with considerably increased output power.the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment.upon activation of the mobile jammer.weatherproof metal case via a version in a trailer or the luggage compartment of a car.2 – 30 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size.solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller.

Wireless mobile battery charger circuit,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna.an antenna radiates the jamming signal to space,a blackberry phone was used as the target mobile station for the jammer,a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper,a user-friendly software assumes the entire control of the jammer,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,are suitable means of camouflaging.it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission.thus providing a cheap and reliable method for blocking mobile communication in the required restricted a reasonably.with an effective jamming radius of approximately 10 meters.now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page.due to the high total output power.50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions,the jammer works dual-band and jams three well-known carriers of nigeria (mtn.an optional analogue fm spread spectrum radio link is available on request,the frequency blocked is somewhere between 800mhz and1900mhz,the civilian applications were apparent with growing public resentment over usage of mobile phones in public areas on the rise and reckless invasion of privacy,this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices.at every frequency band the user can select the required output power between 3 and 1,hand-held transmitters with a „rolling code“ can not be copied.programmable load shedding.

The scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules.are freely selectable or are used according to the system analysis,2100 to 2200 mhz on 3g bandoutput power.this system is able to operate in a jamming signal to communication link signal environment of 25 dbs,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,conversion of single phase to three phase supply,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,.