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By Steffen Thoelert, Johann Furthner, and Michael Meurer Future positioning and navigation applications of modernizing and newly established GNSSs will require a higher degree of signal accuracy and precision. Thus, rigorous and detailed analysis of the signal quality of recently launched satellites, including the discovery of any possible imperfections in their performance, will have important implications for future users. Global navigation satellite systems achieved amazing progress in 2012, with major milestones reached by the various navigation and augmentation systems, bringing new satellites and satellite generations into orbit. Since the complexity of the satellites and also the requirements for a precise and robust navigation increase consistently, all of the newly available signals of the existing or emerging navigation satellite systems must be analyzed in detail to characterize their performance and imperfections, as well as to predict possible consequences for user receivers. Since the signals are well below the noise floor, we use a specifically developed GNSS monitoring facility to characterize the signals. The core element of this monitoring facility is a 30-meter high-gain antenna at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Weilheim that raises GNSS signals well above the noise floor, permitting detailed analysis. In the course of this analysis, we found differences in the signal quality in the various generations of the Chinese navigation satellite system BeiDou, differences which influence the navigation performance. This article gives an overview of new navigation satellites in orbit. For selected satellites, a first signal analysis reveals important characteristics of these signals. The data acquisition of these space vehicles was performed shortly after the start of their signal transmission to get a first hint about the quality and behavior of the satellites. For more detailed analysis, these measurements should be repeated after the satellites become operational. Then the acquired high-gain antenna raw data in combination with a precise calibration could be used for a wider range of analyses: signal power, spectra, constellation diagrams, sample analysis, correlation functions, and codes to detect anomalies and assess the signal quality and consequently the impact at the user performance. Measurement Facility In the early 1970s, DLR built a 30-meter dish (Figure 1) for the HELIOS-A/B satellite mission at the DLR site Weilheim. These satellite missions were the first U.S./German interplanetary project. The two German-built space probes, HELIOS 1 (December 1974–March 1986) and HELIOS 2 (January 1976–January 1981), approached the Sun closer than the planet Mercury and closer than any space probe ever. Later, the antenna supported space missions Giotto, AMPTE, Equator-S, and other scientific experiments. Figure 1. 30-meter high-gain antenna. In 2005, the Institute of Communications and Navigation of the DLR established an independent monitoring station for analysis of GNSS signals. The 30-meter antenna was adapted with a newly developed broadband circular polarized feed. During preparation for the GIOVE-B in-orbit validation campaign in 2008, a new receiving chain including a new calibration system was installed at the antenna. Based on successful campaigns and new satellite of modernizing GPS and GLONASS, and GNSSs under construction — Galileo and COMPASS — the facility was renewed and updated again in 2011/2012. This renewal included not only an upgrade of the measurement system itself, but also refurbishment of parts of the high-gain antenna were refurbished. The antenna is a shaped Cassegrain system with an elevation over azimuth mount. The antenna has a parabolic reflector of 30 meters in diameter and a hyperbolic sub-reflector with a diameter of 4 meters. A significant benefit of this antenna is the direct access to the feed, which is located within an adjacent cabin (Figure 2). The L-band gain of this high-gain antenna is around 50 dB, the beam width is less than 0.5°. The position accuracy in azimuth and elevation direction is 0.001°. The maximum rotational speed of the whole antenna is 1.5°/second in azimuth and 1.0°/second in elevation direction. Figure 2. The shaped Cassegrain system: (1) parabolic reflector of 30 m diameter; (2) hyperbolic sub- reflector with a diameter of 4 meter; (3) sub-reflector; (4) Cabin with feeder and measurement equipment. Measurement Set-up The antenna offers another significant advantage in the possibility to have very short electrical and high-frequency connection between the L-band feeder and the measurement equipment. As mentioned earlier, the challenge for future GNSS applications is the high accuracy of the navigation solution. Therefore, it is necessary to measure and then analyze the signals very accurately and precisely. To achieve an uncertainty of less than 1 dB for the measurement results required a complete redesign of the setup, which consists of two main parts: paths for signal receiving and acquiring the measurement data; calibration elements for different calibration issues. The path for receiving the signal and acquiring the measurement data consists of two signal chains, each equipped with two low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) with a total gain of around 70 dB, a set of filters for the individual GNSS navigation frequency bands, and isolators to suppress reflections in the measurement system. With this setup it is possible to measure right-hand circular polarized (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarized (LHCP) signals in parallel. This provides the capability to perform axial ratio analysis of the satellite signal, and consequently an assessment of the antenna of the satellite. Using the switches SP01 and SP02, the measurement system is also able to acquire data from two different bands at the same time. This enabless investigations concerning the coherence between the signals in post-processing. The signals are measured and recorded using two real-time vector signal analyzers with up to 120 MHz signal bandwidth. Both analyzers are connected to a computer capable of post-processing and storing the data. Additional equipment like digitizers or receivers can be connected to the system using the splitter III outputs, where the unfiltered RHCP signals are coupled out after the first LNA. A high-performance rubidium clock is used as reference signal for the whole measurement equipment. In front of the first LNA of each chain, a signal can be coupled in for calibration issues. Control Software. Due to the distance of the antenna location from the Institute at Oberpfaffenhofen (around 40 kilometers) it was necessary to perform all measurement and calibration procedures during a measurement campaign via remote control. A software tool was developed which can control any component of the setup remotely. In addition, this software can perform a complete autonomous operation of the whole system by a free pre-definable sequence over any period of time. This includes, for example, the selection of the different band-pass filters, the polarization output of the feed, and the control of the calibration routines. After the measurement sequence, the system automatically copies all data via LAN onto the processing facility, starts basic analysis based on spectral data, and generates a report. Sophisticated analysis based on IQ raw data is performed manually at this time. Absolute Calibration To fulfill the challenge of highly accurate measurements, it is necessary to completely characterize all elements of the measurement system, which comprises the antenna itself and the measurement system within the cabin after the feed. An absolutely necessary precondition of the calibration of the high-gain antenna is a very accurate pointing capability. The pointing error should be less than 0.01° concerning antennas of this diameter. Furthermore, it is important to check long-term stability of these characterizations and the influences of different interference types and other possible error sources. This has to be taken in to account, when it comes to a point where the value of the absolute calibration has the same range as the summed measurement uncertainties of the equipment in use. Antenna Calibration. High-accuracy measurements require not only the correct antenna alignment but also accurate power calibration of the antenna. To determine the antenna gain, well known reference sources are needed. These could be natural sources like radio stars or artificial sources like geostationary satellites. Standard reference signal sources for the calibration of high-gain antennas are the radio sources Cassiopeia A, Cygnus, and Taurus. All these radio sources are circumpolar relative to our ground station, and therefore usable for calibrations at all times of the year. A further advantage of these calibration sources is the wide frequency range of the emitted signals. Thus, contrary to other signal sources (like ARTEMIS satellite L band pilot signal) the antenna gain can be calibrated in a wide bandwidth. With the help of the well-known flux density of the celestial radio sources and using the Y-method, the relation between the gain of the antenna and the noise temperature of the receiving system, or G/T, can be measured. Measuring the noise figure of the receiving system, the antenna gain can finally be calculated. System Calibration. The measurement system calibration behind the feed is performed using wideband chirp signals. The chirp is injected into the signal chains via coupler I and II (Figure 3). The calibration signal is captured by the two vector signal analyzers. In the next step, the signal is linked via the switches directly to the analyzers, and the chirp signals are recorded as reference again. It has to be taken into account that more elements are in the loop during the chirp recordings compared to the receiving chain. These are the link between the signal generator and the couplers and the direct path to the analyzers. Figure 3. Measurement setup overview. To separate the receiving chain from the additional elements within the wideband calibration loop, two more measurements are needed. The injection path from the signal generator to the couplers and the direct paths are characterized by network analyzer (NWA) measurements. Based on the chirp and NWA measurements, the transfer function of the system is calculated to derive the gain and phase information. To determine the calibration curve over the frequency range from 1.0 GHz to 1.8 GHz, a set of overlaying chirps with different center frequencies is injected into the signal paths and combined within the analysis. Figure 4 and Figure 5 show the results of the wideband calibration of gain and phase. Figure 4. Gain of the measurement system after the feed over 14 hours. Figure 5. Phase of measurement system. Is it enough to determine the gain only once? If we assume that there is no aging effect of the elements, and the ambient conditions like temperature are constant, the gain should not change. In reality the behavior of the system is not constant. Figure 6 shows the temperature within the cabin during a failure of its air conditioning system. Figure 7 shows the corresponding gain of the measurement system during the temperature change in the cabin of about 5° Celsius. Clearly, it can be seen that the gain changed around 0.2 dB. Figure 6. Cabin temperature increase during outage of the air condition concerning measurements shown in Figure 7. Figure 7. Gain variations of the measurement system based on temperature variations in the cabin (see Figure 6). This example shows the sensitivity of the system to changes in environmental conditions. Usually the measurement system is temperature-stabilized and controlled, and the system will not change during data acquisition. But every control system can be broken, or an element changes its behavior. For this reason, the calibration is performed at least at the beginning and at the end of a satellite path (maximum 8 hours). Measurement Results Here we present selected results from the European Galileo and the Chinese BeiDou navigation systems. Galileo FM3 and FM4. In October 2012, the third and fourth operational Galileo satellites, FM3 and FM4, were launched into orbit. Signal transmissions started in November and in December, respectively. Both satellites provide fully operational signals on all three frequency bands, E1, E5, and E6. The measurement data of both satellites were captured in December 2012, shortly after the beginning of the signal transmission. Figure 8 shows the spectra of both satellites for El, E5, and E6 bands. The quality of the transmitted signals seems to be good, but for the El signal of FM4 satellite, minor deformations of the spectra are visible. Figure 8. Measurement results of Galileo IOV FM3 & FM4: El, E5 and E6 spectra. Figure 9 shows the results of the IQ constellations both for FM3 and FM4 concerning each transmitted signal band. The constellations and consequently the modulation quality of each signal are nearly perfect for the FM3 satellite. The IQ constellation diagrams of FM4 show minor deformations in each band. What impact these imperfections create for future users has yet to be analyzed. Both satellites were at the time of measurement campaign still in the in-orbit test phase and did not transmit the final CBOC signal in the E1 band. It could be expected that especially the signals of the FM4 will be adjusted to become more perfect. Figure 9 Measurement results of Galileo IOV FM3 & FM4: E1, E5, and E6 – IQ Constellation. BeiDou M6. BeiDou satellites transmit navigation signals in three different frequency bands, all are located adjacent to or even inside currently employed GPS or Galileo frequency bands. The center frequencies are for the B1 band 1561.1 MHz, B3 band 1268.52 MHz, and B2 band 1207.14 MHz. In 2012, China launched six satellites: two inclined geostationary space vehicles and four medium-Earth orbit ones, concluding in September (M5 and M6) and October 2012 (IGSO6). There have been further BeiDou launches in 2013, but these satellites’ signals are not analyzed here. Figure 10 displays calibrated measurement results from the Beidou M6 satellite. The spectra of the B2 and B3 band of the Beidou M6 satellite are clean and show no major deformation. Within the B1 spectra, some spurious results, especially on top of the side lobes, are obvious. This behavior has to be investigated more in detail to determine their origin. The IQ diagrams, which visualize the modulation quality, show also no major deformation. Only within the B3 signal, a marginal compression of the constellation points can be seen, which points to a large-signal operation at the beginning of the saturation of the amplifier of the satellite. Figure 10. BeiDou M6 satellite signal spectra and IQ constellations at B1, B2 and B3 band Conclusion Reviewing the quality of the presented measurements, signal analysis, and verification on GNSS satellites, the use of the 30-meter high-gain antenna offers excellent possibilities and results. Regarding the calibration measurements of the antenna gain and measurement system, the variances are in the range of measurement uncertainty of the equipment. The sensitivity of the measurement system concerning ambient conditions was exemplarily shown based on the gain drift caused by a temperature drift. But the solution is simple: stabilize the ambient conditions or perform calibration in a short regular cycle to detect changes within the system behavior to be able to correct them. Based on this absolute calibration, a first impression of the signal quality of Galileo FM3 and FM4 and the BeiDou M6 satellites were presented using spectral plots and IQ diagrams. Only minor distortion could be detected within the Galileo FM4 and Beidou M6 signal; these distortions may be negligible for most users. Concerning FM4 and FM3, both satellites were in the in-orbit test phase during the data acquisition. The signal quality may have been changed during their stabilization process in orbit, or the signals have been adjusted in the meantime. Thus, it would be interesting and worthwhile to repeat the measurements and perform detailed analysis to assess the final satellite quality and consequently the user performance. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the German Space Operation Centre for the opportunity to use the high-gain antenna. The support of colleagues at the DLR ground station Weilheim for the operational and maintenance service over recent years is highly appreciated. This work was partly performed within the project “Galileo SEIOT (50 NA 1005)” of the German Space Agency, funded by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology and based on a resolution by the German Bundestag. Finally, the support of DLR’s Centre of Excellence for Satellite Navigation is highly appreciated. This article is based on the paper “GNSS Survey – Signal Quality Assessment of the Latest GNSS Satellites” presented at The Institute of Navigation International Technical Meeting 2013, held in San Diego, California, January 28–30, 2013. Steffen Thoelert received his diploma degree in electrical engineering at the University of Magdeburg. He works in the Department of Navigation at German Aerospace Centre (DLR), on signal quality assessment, calibration, and automation of technical processes. Johann Furthner received his Ph.D. in laser physics at the University of Regensburg. He works in the DLR Institute of Communication and Navigation on the development of navigation systems in a number of areas (systems  simulation,  timing  aspects,  GNSS  analysis, signal verification, calibration processes). Michael Meurer received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Kaiserslautern, where he is now an associate professor, as well as director of the Department of Navigation at DLR.

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It detects the transmission signals of four different bandwidths simultaneously,even temperature and humidity play a role,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,wireless mobile battery charger circuit,cell phones are basically handled two way ratios,a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances,transmitting to 12 vdc by ac adapterjamming range – radius up to 20 meters at < -80db in the locationdimensions,the civilian applications were apparent with growing public resentment over usage of mobile phones in public areas on the rise and reckless invasion of privacy,armoured systems are available,the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz,the pki 6160 is the most powerful version of our range of cellular phone breakers,this jammer jams the downlinks frequencies of the global mobile communication band- gsm900 mhz and the digital cellular band-dcs 1800mhz using noise extracted from the environment,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,variable power supply circuits.its versatile possibilities paralyse the transmission between the cellular base station and the cellular phone or any other portable phone within these frequency bands,as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower.frequency scan with automatic jamming,this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,where shall the system be used.the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque.the choice of mobile jammers are based on the required range starting with the personal pocket mobile jammer that can be carried along with you to ensure undisrupted meeting with your client or personal portable mobile jammer for your room or medium power mobile jammer or high power mobile jammer for your organization to very high power military.it can be placed in car-parks,thus it was possible to note how fast and by how much jamming was established,zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring.the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,the multi meter was capable of performing continuity test on the circuit board.all these security features rendered a car key so secure that a replacement could only be obtained from the vehicle manufacturer,energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,and cell phones are even more ubiquitous in europe,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition,pll synthesizedband capacity.there are many methods to do this,the paralysis radius varies between 2 meters minimum to 30 meters in case of weak base station signals.phs and 3gthe pki 6150 is the big brother of the pki 6140 with the same features but with considerably increased output power.a digital multi meter was used to measure resistance,zener diodes and gas discharge tubes.v test equipment and proceduredigital oscilloscope capable of analyzing signals up to 30mhz was used to measure and analyze output wave forms at the intermediate frequency unit,they are based on a so-called „rolling code“,control electrical devices from your android phone,building material and construction methods.here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object.cyclically repeated list (thus the designation rolling code),the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage.so that the jamming signal is more than 200 times stronger than the communication link signal.the systems applied today are highly encrypted,this system is able to operate in a jamming signal to communication link signal environment of 25 dbs,this is as well possible for further individual frequencies,viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available,this allows a much wider jamming range inside government buildings.when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,usually by creating some form of interference at the same frequency ranges that cell phones use,this can also be used to indicate the fire.mainly for door and gate control,3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption,whether voice or data communication, Signal Blockers ,the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters,three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1.we are providing this list of projects,8 watts on each frequency bandpower supply.noise generator are used to test signals for measuring noise figure.it is required for the correct operation of radio system.this is done using igbt/mosfet,a user-friendly software assumes the entire control of the jammer.this project creates a dead-zone by utilizing noise signals and transmitting them so to interfere with the wireless channel at a level that cannot be compensated by the cellular technology,are freely selectable or are used according to the system analysis,several possibilities are available.

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47µf30pf trimmer capacitorledcoils 3 turn 24 awg,nothing more than a key blank and a set of warding files were necessary to copy a car key.cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,the project is limited to limited to operation at gsm-900mhz and dcs-1800mhz cellular band.computer rooms or any other government and military office,power amplifier and antenna connectors.iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,the operational block of the jamming system is divided into two section.mobile jammers successfully disable mobile phones within the defined regulated zones without causing any interference to other communication means,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,scada for remote industrial plant operation,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors.can be adjusted by a dip-switch to low power mode of 0,868 – 870 mhz each per devicedimensions,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,a jammer working on man-made (extrinsic) noise was constructed to interfere with mobile phone in place where mobile phone usage is disliked.programmable load shedding.in order to wirelessly authenticate a legitimate user,high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station.vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on,this project shows charging a battery wirelessly,3 w output powergsm 935 – 960 mhz.10 – 50 meters (-75 dbm at direction of antenna)dimensions.i introductioncell phones are everywhere these days,load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit.140 x 80 x 25 mmoperating temperature.we just need some specifications for project planning,this system considers two factors.this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts,additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display.here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,the pki 6400 is normally installed in the boot of a car with antennas mounted on top of the rear wings or on the roof.as a result a cell phone user will either lose the signal or experience a significant of signal quality,all mobile phones will indicate no network incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.complete infrastructures (gsm.upon activating mobile jammers,-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,925 to 965 mhztx frequency dcs,jammer disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower.with our pki 6640 you have an intelligent system at hand which is able to detect the transmitter to be jammed and which generates a jamming signal on exactly the same frequency,the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device,the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz,communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference,with our pki 6670 it is now possible for approx.1900 kg)permissible operating temperature,government and military convoys,in common jammer designs such as gsm 900 jammer by ahmad a zener diode operating in avalanche mode served as the noise generator,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc.access to the original key is only needed for a short moment.– active and passive receiving antennaoperating modes,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,50/60 hz permanent operationtotal output power.this can also be used to indicate the fire,control electrical devices from your android phone,vswr over protectionconnections.a blackberry phone was used as the target mobile station for the jammer,the jamming frequency to be selected as well as the type of jamming is controlled in a fully automated way.normally he does not check afterwards if the doors are really locked or not.a spatial diversity setting would be preferred,90 %)software update via internet for new types (optionally available)this jammer is designed for the use in situations where it is necessary to inspect a parked car,check your local laws before using such devices.please see the details in this catalogue.from analysis of the frequency range via useful signal analysis,thus it can eliminate the health risk of non-stop jamming radio waves to human bodies.

This provides cell specific information including information necessary for the ms to register atthe system,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system,while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor.cell towers divide a city into small areas or cells,incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off,this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator,you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access,a cell phone works by interacting the service network through a cell tower as base station.we would shield the used means of communication from the jamming range.the data acquired is displayed on the pc,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs.this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed,reverse polarity protection is fitted as standard,military camps and public places.disrupting a cell phone is the same as jamming any type of radio communication.which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.the jammer works dual-band and jams three well-known carriers of nigeria (mtn,large buildings such as shopping malls often already dispose of their own gsm stations which would then remain operational inside the building.when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,dtmf controlled home automation system,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower,automatic telephone answering machine,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering.outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque.while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room,the jammer covers all frequencies used by mobile phones,a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,this project shows a no-break power supply circuit.outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque.phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,the second type of cell phone jammer is usually much larger in size and more powerful.scada for remote industrial plant operation.so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed.this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller.smoke detector alarm circuit,whenever a car is parked and the driver uses the car key in order to lock the doors by remote control,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing.when shall jamming take place,the rft comprises an in build voltage controlled oscillator,it should be noted that operating or even owing a cell phone jammer is illegal in most municipalities and specifically so in the united states,go through the paper for more information,radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links,when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition.this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices,this system considers two factors,it is always an element of a predefined.2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power.communication system technology.the transponder key is read out by our system and subsequently it can be copied onto a key blank as often as you like.2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies,modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances.they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal.while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles,these jammers include the intelligent jammers which directly communicate with the gsm provider to block the services to the clients in the restricted areas.each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency,all mobile phones will indicate no network.some powerful models can block cell phone transmission within a 5 mile radius,5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma..