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Galileo IOV-3 Broadcasts E1, E5, E6 Signals; Russian SBAS Luch-5B in Orbital Slot; EGNOS and Galileo in Emergency Call, Road Tolling; Compass ICD Rumored Galileo IOV-3 Broadcasts E1, E5, E6 Signals  By Oliver Montenbruck, German Space Operations Center and Richard B. Langley, University of New Brunswick After reaching its final position, the Galileo IOV-3 satellite started transmitting its first ranging signals on December 1. Within three days, the various carriers (E1, E5, E6) and associated modulations were activated, and full in-orbit testing is now in progress. Anyone with commonly available GNSS receivers can presently access the open signals in the E1, E5a, and E5b frequency bands as well as the wide-band E5 AltBOC signal. According to statements made at the recent 6th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technologies (Navitec 2012) in Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the IOV-3 satellite, which is also identified as Flight Model 3 (FM3) and E19 after its pseudorandom noise code, will continue to use binary offset carrier modulation — specifically BOC(1,1) — on the E1 Open Service signals for the time being. In contrast to this, the first pair of IOV satellites has already started to use composite binary offset carrier modulation, which offers better multipath suppression in the received signal. Right after its activation, IOV-3 could be tracked immediately by the global network of stations participating in the Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX; http://www.igs.org/mgex) initiated by the International GNSS Service (IGS). Figure 1. Pseudorange errors of IOV-3 tracking at Tanegashima, Japan, using the E1 BOC(1,1) signal (top) and the E5 AltBOC signal (center). The elevation angle over time is shown in the bottom panel. The high quality of the IOV-3 signals is illustrated by measurements collected by the Tanegashima station during a 10-hour pass of the satellite over Japan (see Figure 1). The E5 AltBOC pseudorange measurements in particular exhibit an exceptionally low noise and multipath level of better than 10 centimeters at mid- and high-elevation angles. An attractive feature of the Galileo system is the availability of multiple signal frequencies, which opens up numerous prospects for precise positioning and scientific investigations. Carrier-Phase Measurements While the E6 signals foreseen for a future Commercial Service are not presently supported by geodetic receivers due to the lack of information on the transmitted codes and possible licensing issues, users can already benefit from the E5a and E5b signals in addition to E1. By way of example, the ionosphere-free and geometry-free linear combination can be formed from carrier-phase measurements on these frequencies. Results of some first tests using this combination for IOV-3 are shown in Figure 2, based on measurements made at four MGEX stations: CUT0 (Perth, Australia), GMSD (Tanegashima, Japan), KZN2 (Kazan, Russia), and SIN1 (Singapore). The results provide an indication of carrier-phase noise and multipath effects but are free of long-term variations that have earlier been found in GPS L1/L2/L5 signal combinations. It is anticipated that similar measurement quality will be obtained with the E1 and E5 signals of IOV-4, which were activated on December 12 and 13. This level of performance highlights the potential benefit of Galileo signals in advanced triple-frequency techniques such as undifferenced ambiguity resolution and ionospheric monitoring. Figure 2 The difference between the ionosphere-free carrier-phase combinations formed from E1/E5a and E1/E5b signals received at four MGEX stations: CUT0 (Perth, Australia), GMSD (Tanegashima, Japan), KZN2 (Kazan, Russia), and SIN1 (Singapore). Russian SBAS Luch-5B in Orbital Slot The second Russian satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) satellite, Luch-5B, has now been positioned at its designated orbital slot of 16 degrees west longitude. The satellite had been in a drift orbit since its launch on November 2 at 21:04:00 UTC along with the domestic communications satellite Yamal-300K. NORAD/JSpOC tracking data showed Luch-5B arriving at its geostationary position by about December 13. Figure 3 shows the footprint of the satellite with the elevation-angle contours at 30-degree intervals. Luch-5B, the second of a set of three geostationary satellites being  launched to reactivate Roscosmos’s Luch Multifunctional Space Relay System, is expected to use PRN code 125. The Luch system will relay communications and telemetry between low-Earth-orbiting spacecraft, such as the the Russian segment of International Space Station, and Russian ground facilities. The system’s satellites also carry transponders for the System for Differential Correction and Monitoring (SDCM), Russia’s SBAS. The transponders will broadcast GNSS corrections on the standard GPS L1 frequency. Luch-5A, launched in December 2011, resides in an orbital slot at 95 degrees east longitude. It began transmitting corrections on July 12, 2012 using PRN code 140. Figure 3. Geostationary position of Luch-5B, carrying a transponder for the Russian System for Differential Correction and Monitoring. EGNOS and Galileo in Emergency Call, Road Tolling The Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) World Congress in Vienna this fall drew attention to the multi-constellation advantages provided by Galileo during a session on eCall, the European initiative for safer mobility. “Galileo will provide accuracy and reliability in all the transport markets, but in the case of emergency rapid assistance, the positioning need is even more critical,” said Fiammetta Diani, market development officer at the European GNSS Agency (GSA). A multiconstellation approach for eCall and similar initiatives will deliver better performance without additional costs. Yaroslav Domaratsky from NIS-GLONASS, the Russian national navigation services provider, confirmed that ERA-GLONASS, the Russian version of eCall, will benefit from multiconstellation. “Solutions including also Galileo are welcome in the Russian initiative.” Satellite ITS applications in road transport cover much more than in-car navigation. They include road-user charging with satellite-based toll collection systems; in-vehicle dynamic route guidance for drivers; intelligent speed adaptation to control the speed of vehicles externally; traveller information systems; and fleet-tracking systems for better management of freight movements and goods delivery. Road Tolling European road-toll operators outlined how they plan to emply the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and Galileo to provide new tolling solutions. Luigi Giacalone, managing director of Autostrade Tech, which provides the technology for the French Ecomouv project, said EGNOS will contribute to reliably collect taxes on the heavy trucks using the road charging scheme. “This is a tax, not a toll. It aims to collect a new tax reliably and fairly according to distance travelled, while dissuading fraud,” he said. “Thanks to GNSS multi-constellation, only 10 locations out of the 15,000-kilometer network need support beacons.” Ecomouv, which Includes anti-jamming and anti-spoofing mechanisms, covers 600,000 French lorries and 200,000 foreign ones, and will run from July 2013 for 11.5 years. Giacalone said its performance target was 99.75 percent accuracy of the entire collection chain, and its trials had already 99.8 percent accuracy. Miroslav Bobošík from SkyToll, which operates Slovakia’s electronic tolling operations, explained how the system was able to cover not only 570 kilometers of motorways, but also 1,800 kilometers of first class roads in the country. “We needed a flexible system to cover different roads in different circumstances. And also to be fair to drivers, so they pay only for what they use,” said Bobošík. “We cover all services, not just toll collection, but enforcement, and technological maintenance and repair.” GNSS tolling means flexibility as well as feasibility for SkyToll: since  its launch in mid-2010, many changes have been made to the operation of the network, but thanks to the technology, they were easy to make. And they were cheap, he said. “While it is difficult to compare costs with other country, SkyToll has the lowest cost per kilometer to operate,” he said. “GNSS is the best possible solution for electronic tolling system in Slovakia, and GNSS is the most suitable for ITS.” Changing the Game Volker Vierroth from T-Systems, the German IT services subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom, explained GNSS’s game-changing role: the availability of a huge variety of additional data linked to actual positions; more computing power, notably mobile and cloud-based; fast and reliable networks available now with broad coverage, most recently with the shift from 3G to 4G; and smartphones, powerful and versatile, surging to the fore. “GNSS [in the form of EGNOS] has proved to be a reliable technology for large-scale road charging on complex networks,” he said. “Galileo will bring further improvements, and may become the cornerstone of future road applications.” Compass ICD Rumored As this magazine goes to press, unconfirmed reports from Shanghai state that the Compass Interface Control Document (ICD) will be released on December 27. Such rumors surfaced in late 2010 and again in late 2011. An October 2011 GPS World newsletter reported “The long-awaited signal ICD for China’s growing GNSS will appear this month, according to representatives of the system who spoke in a “Compass: Progress, Status, and Future Outlook” workshop in September [2011]. “The ICD has been rumored to be available previously to receiver manufacturers within China, creating some disgruntlement among companies outside the country. A workshop panelist affirmed that GPS/Compass chips and receivers are being actively developed by many Chinese manufacturers and research institutes.”    

phone jammer diagram in

The first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1.rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply.ac power control using mosfet / igbt,this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,90 %)software update via internet for new types (optionally available)this jammer is designed for the use in situations where it is necessary to inspect a parked car,railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,the next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily.starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially,15 to 30 metersjamming control (detection first),detector for complete security systemsnew solution for prison management and other sensitive areascomplements products out of our range to one automatic systemcompatible with every pc supported security systemthe pki 6100 cellular phone jammer is designed for prevention of acts of terrorism such as remotely trigged explosives.from the smallest compact unit in a portable,9 v block battery or external adapter.for such a case you can use the pki 6660.the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz.as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition.as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year.binary fsk signal (digital signal),please visit the highlighted article,3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption,one of the important sub-channel on the bcch channel includes.the multi meter was capable of performing continuity test on the circuit board,we then need information about the existing infrastructure,starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially,bomb threats or when military action is underway.this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations.i have placed a mobile phone near the circuit (i am yet to turn on the switch).

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And cell phones are even more ubiquitous in europe.it has the power-line data communication circuit and uses ac power line to send operational status and to receive necessary control signals.a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max.the briefcase-sized jammer can be placed anywhere nereby the suspicious car and jams the radio signal from key to car lock,churches and mosques as well as lecture halls,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment,frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs.this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv.this allows a much wider jamming range inside government buildings,in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days.larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices,the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails,it can be placed in car-parks,2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,jammer disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower.railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,cell towers divide a city into small areas or cells,this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator.jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas.when shall jamming take place,phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,all mobile phones will indicate no network incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off. gps jammer .here is a list of top electrical mini-projects.

We are providing this list of projects.communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference,smoke detector alarm circuit,a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,please visit the highlighted article.even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles,overload protection of transformer.this task is much more complex.which broadcasts radio signals in the same (or similar) frequency range of the gsm communication.livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,whether copying the transponder.arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor.there are many methods to do this.this project shows a temperature-controlled system.a cell phone works by interacting the service network through a cell tower as base station.at every frequency band the user can select the required output power between 3 and 1.they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower,230 vusb connectiondimensions,this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings,high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely,check your local laws before using such devices,if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound.

This project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system.860 to 885 mhztx frequency (gsm),this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,the pki 6400 is normally installed in the boot of a car with antennas mounted on top of the rear wings or on the roof,depending on the already available security systems.frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating.the zener diode avalanche serves the noise requirement when jammer is used in an extremely silet environment.now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage.iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts,phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals,2 – 30 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size.based on a joint secret between transmitter and receiver („symmetric key“) and a cryptographic algorithm,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller,if you are looking for mini project ideas,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller.our pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature.but also completely autarkic systems with independent power supply in containers have already been realised,this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,this project shows a temperature-controlled system.

From analysis of the frequency range via useful signal analysis.5% – 80%dual-band output 900,here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,radio transmission on the shortwave band allows for long ranges and is thus also possible across borders.computer rooms or any other government and military office,pll synthesizedband capacity,thus it can eliminate the health risk of non-stop jamming radio waves to human bodies,weatherproof metal case via a version in a trailer or the luggage compartment of a car.zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,key/transponder duplicator 16 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage.a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz,this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts,transmitting to 12 vdc by ac adapterjamming range – radius up to 20 meters at < -80db in the locationdimensions,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure,a potential bombardment would not eliminate such systems,it can also be used for the generation of random numbers.the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system.synchronization channel (sch).outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,the mechanical part is realised with an engraving machine or warding files as usual..