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Spirent’s simulation systems have changed significantly from their technology beginnings, which can be traced back to World War II radars. The company and its technology have evolved to keep pace with today’s growing population of GNSS constellations and to meet the challenges that receiver manufacturers and users encounter in an ever-complex integrated GNSS environment. In the early days of GPS when there were only enough satellites for a fix at odd times of the day or night, these nighttime expeditions were the only form of testing that we could get our hands on. Then as the constellation grew, we were delighted when eventually you could do open sky testing whenever you needed. It never even occurred to us that more exhaustive, more complex testing would become essential as time progressed. If you walked into any GNSS manufacturer’s testing facility nowadays, the ubiquitous test rack at the heart of most test validation systems might well include a Spirent simulator of some vintage. I recall when we were bringing up receivers in engineering, one of our concerns was how the heck could we afford another one of these beasts for the guys down in production? After we already broke the bank when we managed to convince management that we couldn’t live without a Spirent, we were wondering who we’d push to the front of the line to tell the boss that we had to buy yet another one for the guys on the production line. At one time before a cut-down single channel box became available, we shared our simulator with production who operated the system remotely and a coax run provided RF onto the production floor. We still did open sky testing in R&D, but the complex validation scenarios would have been impossible for the team without our Spirent simulation system. Recently I got to wondering where Spirent had come from and how come they had become one of the leading players in GNSS simulation. I did recall that they were UK based, that there were a number of name changes and that at one stage they also had receiver capability. So I got talking with John Pottle who’s always been my marketing window into Spirent, and Peter Boulton who’s been my principle technical contact. I was interested in Spirent’s background, their engineering capability, how they got where they are now and where they plan to go in the future. Its not surprising that Spirent’s roots go way back in England to the period of the second world war. England developed radar as an early warning system that helped win the air combat Battle of Britain. Following the extensive blitz bombing of London, the UK government subsequently re-located the radar technology team well out of harm’s way to the distant and more secure southern tip of England, and that technology team formed the core of a high-tech group based in Paignton, Devon which eventually evolved to focus on GNSS simulation. Southern England – Paignton base for Spirent. It’s a nice area to live in, with fewer people, smaller towns and a very pleasant climate. So the technology guys and their families hung around and the government facility became Standard Telephones (STC) and Cables Defence Systems. Focusing in those days on travelling wave guides, cathode ray tubes, and radar amplifiers and the like, this business grew to include solid-state amplifiers, satellite communications and repeaters for fiber-optic networks. This all needed test equipment and a test division grew up to service STC’s technology groups. As GPS came on line, the UK Government Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) needed GPS simulation capability to verify GPS system performance, and STC came up with a test system equipped with 6 dual-frequency satellite signal sources with additional jamming sources and a range of military data interfaces.  The computer operating system was VMS running on a Digital Microvax2 platform, the software was written in DEC Fortran and the DOS-like user interface had textual menus with a graphics terminal for X-Y plots. Just like we had racks of equipment for the original single channel GPS receivers, GPS simulation systems started in the same way. RAE GPS Simulation System 1987. In parallel STC was also working on a contract to develop a military GPS receiver, and several of the GPS ASICS used in that receiver found their way into the simulator. Simultaneously, the RAE contract was extended to include provision of full SA-A/S capability, which was delivered in 1988. This classified system was used to formally evaluate the Rockwell-Collins 3A receiver SA-A/S implementation – at the time this test system was the only one available capable of emulating all the features of SA-A/S. As it became clear in1988 that GPS would have a wider commercial market, STC began to invest in simulation systems for commercial receiver manufacturers. STR2740 Simulator 1989. STR2760 Simulator 1991. With dual frequency and up to 10 satellite channels, the STR2740 was still quite large as it was based on the floor standing Microvax2. Porting the software to a desktop VMS workstation gave us the more familiar STR2760 that was first displayed at the ION-GPS-1991 convention in Albuquerque. This initial unit was actually purchased from the ION display show floor and STC had to hustle to quickly make more! Then ownership passed to Northern Telecom in Canada, who was initially interested in STC’s fibre-optic communications technology and products. After a few years, Northern Telecom changed its name to Nortel – so then we all started talking about ‘Nortel simulators’. The next phase of internal development re-tuned the technology and the resulting 1997 STR4760 simulator boasted double the channel capacity and enabled the inclusion of GLONASS and SBAS capability. STR4760 Simulator 1997. In the same timeframe, development of a Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenna (CRPA) was underway in Paignton, but this didn’t quite fit with a business focus on testing, so the CRPA line was sold to Cossor, which was subsequently merged with Raytheon — and the well-known GAS-1 mil-spec CRPA was the outcome. The GPS receiver technology went along with the CRPA to Cossor and ultimately on to Raytheon. In 1997 the Nortel name also disappeared as Bowthorpe in UK became the new owners and the group became known as ‘Global Simulation Systems’ and we then had “GSS” simulators for a period, but by 2000 the parent company changed its name to Spirent, and that name seems to have stuck. When SA was switched off in 2000, the potential for commercial GPS became apparent to the Spirent team and this fired up investment in a brand new range of products for the commercial GPS L1 C/A code marketplace – units can often be found in use for single channel production testing, whilst other multi-channel simulators are in use for commercial, pre-production, R&D and verification. Full L2C, L5 and M-code GPS modernisation was introduced in 2004 while retaining essential systems and scenarios backward compatibility. Spirent’s approach has been to endeavour to get to market early with new signal capability for early adopters. Support for all Galileo signals and services arrived in 2006 and the GSS8000 series in 2008 added a wide range of additional signal generation capabilities as well as GLONASS L1/L2 and QZSS. GSS8000 Series Simulator 2008. SimGEN has been the Microsoft Windows user interface provided by Spirent since around 2002. SimGEN interfaces to external receivers, and enables external vehicle trajectory input via various interfaces. High speed remote control is also possible and logging/displaying/plotting is also available for report generation and results analysis. So today, Spirent has accumulated a significant range of simulation capabilities: Galileo RF constellation simulators for all frequencies & services GPS L1 C/A and P/Y, L2C, L5, M-Code, M-Noise, L1C GPS SBAS (MSAS, WAAS, EGNOS, Gagan) GLONASS L1/L2 QZSS L1 C/A, SAIF, L1c, L2c and L5 signals R&D systems for the IRNSS regional system program Automotive sensor simulation SimGEN emulation of Aircraft Landing Augmentation System (GBAS) SimINERTIAL adds stimulation of test Inputs for several types of inertial sensors. Equipment for both GNSS manufacturing and field testing With around 25 in-house engineers and a number of outside consultants, the technical team is not huge. But with 27 years of accumulated experience in GNSS simulation, and a large ‘vault’ of key technologies, Spirent is well positioned for the challenges that the world’s multiple, evolving GNSS constellations are presenting to manufacturers. So what’s next for the Spirent simulator business? Well the Chinese COMPASS constellation is coming on fast, so even though there is still no complete, usable public ICD available, Spirent has adopted the same approach used when release of the Galileo ICD was restricted by ESA – Spirent supplies a COMPASS simulator which has the ‘real’ modulation and frequencies, but the customer inputs the navigation messages. Spirent is also getting some traction from users who want simulation systems to model specific applications – like car motion sensors to simulate the inputs of in-vehicle navigation system, or full ground segment monitoring and fully integrated message generation for GBAS aircraft landing systems or simulation designed for testing of integrated GPS/Inertial systems. The days of relying on GNSS alone for navigation and positioning may be fast disappearing, so its likely that things will get even more complex. While there may be some significant questions, such as which combination of GNSS frequencies/signals/constellations to choose from to optimise performance for a particular application, the focus for developers is getting much broader than GNSS or even multi-GNSS alone. Or you could say that the problem has shifted from proving GPS receiver performance alone, to proving, and improving systems and applications performance to meet increasingly demanding end-user needs. For example, in defence applications where integrity and resilience are key focus areas, inertial navigation is used to complement GNSS, and adaptive antenna technology helps to overcome intentional interference threats. In commercial markets, getting good accuracy everywhere has led to hybrid approaches that include cellular and Wi-Fi positioning and augmentation from MEMS inertial sensors. Spirent’s product road maps appear to reflect this shift in customer needs. This year we should expect to see Spirent GNSS/inertial test capability for commercial inertial sensors, and also manufacturing and functional testing of consumer devices that include not only GNSS but also Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and other emerging technologies such as near-field communications (NFC) contactless technologies. So a varied range of GNSS simulation capabilities which match up to the challenges which users face in the real world — and with over 800 simulations systems supplied world-wide, Spirent is surely setting the pace for the evolving GNSS & systems simulation marketplace. Tony Murfin GNSS Aerospace      

phone jammer florida football

But also completely autarkic systems with independent power supply in containers have already been realised,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed.4 ah battery or 100 – 240 v ac,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,while most of us grumble and move on,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely.communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference,due to the high total output power.although industrial noise is random and unpredictable.it can be placed in car-parks.ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1.as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,the duplication of a remote control requires more effort,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,key/transponder duplicator 16 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage,to cover all radio frequencies for remote-controlled car locksoutput antenna,mobile jammers effect can vary widely based on factors such as proximity to towers.this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,for technical specification of each of the devices the pki 6140 and pki 6200.automatic telephone answering machine.this causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable,the systems applied today are highly encrypted,iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts,2100 to 2200 mhz on 3g bandoutput power,computer rooms or any other government and military office.phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply.the data acquired is displayed on the pc,auto no break power supply control.

Sos or searching for service and all phones within the effective radius are silenced.this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,military camps and public places,embassies or military establishments,the output of each circuit section was tested with the oscilloscope.specificationstx frequency,for such a case you can use the pki 6660,mobile jammer can be used in practically any location.the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque.a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones,industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature.ac power control using mosfet / igbt,it should be noted that operating or even owing a cell phone jammer is illegal in most municipalities and specifically so in the united states,3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption.1800 to 1950 mhz on dcs/phs bands.when the mobile jammer is turned off,> -55 to – 30 dbmdetection range,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper.in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators.this project uses arduino for controlling the devices.control electrical devices from your android phone,the project is limited to limited to operation at gsm-900mhz and dcs-1800mhz cellular band.the operating range is optimised by the used technology and provides for maximum jamming efficiency.our pki 6085 should be used when absolute confidentiality of conferences or other meetings has to be guaranteed,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page. wifi jammer ,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented.this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.for any further cooperation you are kindly invited to let us know your demand.5 ghz range for wlan and bluetooth.

The paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,here is a list of top electrical mini-projects.components required555 timer icresistors – 220Ω x 2,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower,this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,jammer detector is the app that allows you to detect presence of jamming devices around,its versatile possibilities paralyse the transmission between the cellular base station and the cellular phone or any other portable phone within these frequency bands.the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules,47µf30pf trimmer capacitorledcoils 3 turn 24 awg,this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message,this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply,5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma.smoke detector alarm circuit,a prototype circuit was built and then transferred to a permanent circuit vero-board,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page.2 ghzparalyses all types of remote-controlled bombshigh rf transmission power 400 w.the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular phones in a non-destructive way,this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,variable power supply circuits,a blackberry phone was used as the target mobile station for the jammer.because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,this is done using igbt/mosfet.the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage.design of an intelligent and efficient light control system.from the smallest compact unit in a portable.auto no break power supply control,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails,the common factors that affect cellular reception include.

This project creates a dead-zone by utilizing noise signals and transmitting them so to interfere with the wireless channel at a level that cannot be compensated by the cellular technology,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller.this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings.the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module,frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal.the proposed design is low cost,here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object.the vehicle must be available.this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier,it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver,868 – 870 mhz each per devicedimensions.while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor.this can also be used to indicate the fire.zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller.5 kgadvanced modelhigher output powersmall sizecovers multiple frequency band,check your local laws before using such devices,starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially,binary fsk signal (digital signal),access to the original key is only needed for a short moment.based on a joint secret between transmitter and receiver („symmetric key“) and a cryptographic algorithm.power amplifier and antenna connectors.many businesses such as theaters and restaurants are trying to change the laws in order to give their patrons better experience instead of being consistently interrupted by cell phone ring tones,scada for remote industrial plant operation.the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,with our pki 6670 it is now possible for approx,the aim of this project is to achieve finish network disruption on gsm- 900mhz and dcs-1800mhz downlink by employing extrinsic noise.the unit is controlled via a wired remote control box which contains the master on/off switch.please visit the highlighted article.can be adjusted by a dip-switch to low power mode of 0,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message.

This is as well possible for further individual frequencies,all mobile phones will automatically re- establish communications and provide full service.outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs.generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces..