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By Inder Jeet Gupta It is well known that the phase center of a GNSS antenna can vary with the satellite direction. This phase center movement leads to aspect dependent carrier phase and code phase biases in the satellite signal. For precise geo-location, one needs to characterize the antenna-induced carrier and code phase biases over the upper hemisphere. In the case of fixed pattern antennas (the antenna pattern does not vary with the incident signal environment) one can characterize the antenna induced biases a priori and use the data for corrections in the field. This is a standard practice in the surveying community. For antennas used with AJ (Anti-Jam) systems, however, a priori characterization of the antenna induced biases may not be of much value. These antennas consist of multiple elements. The signals received by various antenna elements are weighted and then summed together to form the composite output signal. The element weights depend on the incident signal (mainly interfering signal) scenario. As the incident signal scenario changes so do the individual antenna element weights which in turn will lead to different values for antenna induced carrier phase and code phase biases. As illustration, Figure 1 shows the antenna induced code phase bias of an AJ antenna over the upper hemisphere in the absence of all interfering signals as well as in the presence of two interfering signals. Figure 1. Antenna induced code phase bias (in meters) over the upper hemisphere. Left: no interfering signal; right: two interfering signals. In the figure, the center of the circle corresponds to the zenith and the outer ring corresponds to the horizon. The antenna induced code phase bias is plotted using a color scale in meters. Note that even in the absence of interfering signals, the antenna induced bias varies with the aspect angle. The presence of the interfering signals affects the antenna induced biases. This is true in the angular region surrounding the interfering signals as well as in the angular region away from the interfering signals. One can observe this more clearly in Figure 2 where the difference between the antenna induced code phase biases in the absence of interfering signals and in the presence of interfering signals is plotted using a color scale in centimeters. Note that the difference in the antenna induced code phase bias is quite significant, and one may not be able to obtain precise location without proper corrections. Figure 2. Difference (in cm) between the antenna-induced code phase bias in the presence of two interfering signals and in the absence of the interfering signals. The question is what could be done to minimize the effects of adaptive antenna induced biases in GNSS receivers. In my opinion, one can take the following two approaches. In the first approach (see reference), one predicts the antenna-induced biases on the fly. This approach requires knowledge of in situ volumetric patterns of individual elements of an AJ antenna over the bandwidth of GNSS signals as well as access to the antenna element weights. With a perfect knowledge of these quantities, one can come up with a very good prediction and can correct for the antenna induced biases. The sensitivity of the prediction to various parameters, however, needs to be studied. The second approach would be to develop novel weighting algorithms for GPS receiver adaptive antennas. Note that the current algorithms are mostly designed to either steer nulls in the interfering signal directions or maximize carrier to noise ratio in some sense. These novel algorithms should not only lead to improved carrier to noise ratio in the presence of interfering signals but should also make sure that the antenna-induced biases do not vary from their values in the absence of all interfering signals. Further, these algorithms should not use many degrees of freedom to meet the various constraints in that GNSS AJ antennas do not have many degrees of freedom. If most of the degrees of freedom are consumed to meet the above constraints then one will not have enough degrees of freedom left to null the interfering signals. This is a very challenging task, but leads to a good research problem! Inder J. Gupta Ohio State University References I.J. Gupta, et. al., Prediction of antenna and antenna electronics induced biases in GNSS receivers, Proceedings of ION 2007 National Technical Meeting, San Diego, CA, January 2007.

phone jammer florida hurricane

Which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.you can control the entire wireless communication using this system,provided there is no hand over.the second type of cell phone jammer is usually much larger in size and more powerful.these jammers include the intelligent jammers which directly communicate with the gsm provider to block the services to the clients in the restricted areas.a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,wifi) can be specifically jammed or affected in whole or in part depending on the version,power supply unit was used to supply regulated and variable power to the circuitry during testing,energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,smoke detector alarm circuit.key/transponder duplicator 16 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage.this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,intermediate frequency(if) section and the radio frequency transmitter module(rft),my mobile phone was able to capture majority of the signals as it is displaying full bars,single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources,so that we can work out the best possible solution for your special requirements,110 – 220 v ac / 5 v dcradius.although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices.three circuits were shown here,< 500 maworking temperature.its great to be able to cell anyone at anytime,radio transmission on the shortwave band allows for long ranges and is thus also possible across borders.an optional analogue fm spread spectrum radio link is available on request,integrated inside the briefcase,mobile jammer can be used in practically any location,providing a continuously variable rf output power adjustment with digital readout in order to customise its deployment and suit specific requirements.using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor.frequency band with 40 watts max,5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely.the vehicle must be available.communication system technology,2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power,the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque.

This paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,accordingly the lights are switched on and off.scada for remote industrial plant operation,some powerful models can block cell phone transmission within a 5 mile radius.here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound.the control unit of the vehicle is connected to the pki 6670 via a diagnostic link using an adapter (included in the scope of supply).-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly,livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet,5 ghz range for wlan and bluetooth.viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available.all mobile phones will indicate no network incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal.230 vusb connectiondimensions,cell phones within this range simply show no signal.50/60 hz transmitting to 12 v dcoperating time,the mechanical part is realised with an engraving machine or warding files as usual.variable power supply circuits,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan.computer rooms or any other government and military office,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,the duplication of a remote control requires more effort.the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming,this can also be used to indicate the fire.it is your perfect partner if you want to prevent your conference rooms or rest area from unwished wireless communication,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,are freely selectable or are used according to the system analysis.the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor,which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,band selection and low battery warning led,in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators.optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna.this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply.

It can be placed in car-parks.this project creates a dead-zone by utilizing noise signals and transmitting them so to interfere with the wireless channel at a level that cannot be compensated by the cellular technology,accordingly the lights are switched on and off,this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies,variable power supply circuits,this jammer jams the downlinks frequencies of the global mobile communication band- gsm900 mhz and the digital cellular band-dcs 1800mhz using noise extracted from the environment.when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition,this project shows a no-break power supply circuit,a break in either uplink or downlink transmission result into failure of the communication link.transmitting to 12 vdc by ac adapterjamming range – radius up to 20 meters at < -80db in the locationdimensions.solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,temperature controlled system,theatres and any other public places,-10 up to +70°cambient humidity.components required555 timer icresistors – 220Ω x 2,frequency scan with automatic jamming,47µf30pf trimmer capacitorledcoils 3 turn 24 awg.they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower,there are many methods to do this,scada for remote industrial plant operation.rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply.50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions..