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Permanent Link to 2021 Defense Act signals turning point for Congress and PNT
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Photo: Toshe_O/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty Images Senate joined House to override Trump’s veto, making bill into law The U. S. Congress, especially the Armed Services Committees, have long been concerned about GPS and positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) issues. Over the past two decades, Congressional hearings, demands for reports and investigations have dealt with acquisition, contingency plans for when space is not available, deliberate interference, and a host of other issues. While these all evidenced Congress’ interest and concern, they were relatively passive measures. This began to change in 2018 with passage of the National Timing Resilience and Security Act. It requires the Department of Transportation to establish a terrestrial timing system to backup GPS signals. Then in 2019, Congress appropriated money for a GPS Backup Technology Demonstration. And the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for 2020 required the Air Force to develop a prototype multi-GNSS receiver as part of its resiliency efforts. The NDAA for 2021 seems to finalize Congress’ transition from an interested observer, mostly on the sidelines, to an active player in national PNT issues and policy. GPS Under Threat Capitol Hill observers say this is the result of several factors that have come to a head over the last year. Taken together, they have convinced many legislators that GPS is under threat and PNT issues are not being taken seriously enough by the executive branch. These include increased jamming and spoofing (especially by China and Russia), full implementation of China’s BeiDou system and its marketing to other nations as a superior alternative to GPS, the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) decision on Ligado Networks, and the Pentagon’s failure to respond to combatant commanders’ Joint Urgent Operational Needs Statements for non-GPS PNT. Here are some of the provisions of the 2021 NDAA of interest to the PNT community. Military Multi-GNSS Prototype The 2018 NDAA required the Defense Department to incorporate Europe’s Galileo and Japan’s QZSS satellite navigation signals into military user equipment. The idea was to make it more resilient to disruption. Also required was an investigation into using non-allied signals. Apparently not satisfied with progress on this project, Congress mandated a project to develop a prototype multi-GNSS receiver as part of the 2020 NDAA. The 2021 NDAA seems to indicate Congress is still not happy. It withholds 20% of the funding for the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force until the department certifies the prototype project is underway and provides briefings to the Senate and House Armed Services Committees. Resilient, Survivable PNT Language in the 2021 NDAA also seems to show Congress is impatient with the Pentagon’s lack of responsiveness to combatant commanders’ requests for non-GPS PNT systems. Section 1611 of the act is entitled “Resilient and Survivable Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Capabilities.” It requires development, integration and deployment of these capabilities for combatant commanders within two years. This, it says, is “… consistent with the timescale applicable to joint urgent operational needs statements…” The act says the new PNT capabilities shall “generate resilient and survivable alternative positioning, navigation, and timing signals” and “process resilient survivable data provided by signals of opportunity and on-board sensor systems…” The act also addresses the Defense Department’s 2018 PNT Strategy’s plan for future systems to be classified and for military use only. It directs the department to work with the National Security Council, Departments of Transportation, Homeland Security and others “…to enable civilian and commercial adoption of technologies and capabilities for resilient and survivable alternative positioning, navigation, and timing capabilities to complement the global positioning system.” To help ensure prompt action on this, the act requires a report to Congress within six months and authorizes the department to reprogram funds from other areas to finance the effort. Responding to Ligado Decision By far the most PNT-related text in the 2021 NDAA includes a host of measures responding to FCC Order 20-48 approving an application by Ligado Networks. An order that the executive branch is on record as strongly opposing, saying it will degrade GPS service for many. Senator Jim Inhofe, chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee, has regularly expressed outrage at the FCC’s decision and has called for its reversal. Among its provisions, the act: requires the Department of Defense to estimate and report to Congress the cost of damage to department systems as a result of the FCC order. prohibits using department funds to upgrade or modify military equipment to make it resilient to interference caused by broadcasts in the spectrum allocated (the FCC order requires this to be funded by Ligado). prohibits contracting with any entity using the frequency bands allocated to Ligado unless the Secretary of Defense certifies the use will not interfere with GPS services. requires the Secretary of Defense to contract with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for an independent technical review of the FCC order. Dana Goward is president of the Resilient Navigation and Timing Foundation (rntfnd.org).
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Permanent Link to 2021 Defense Act signals turning point for Congress and PNT
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phone recording jammer magazine

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Noise circuit was tested while the laboratory fan was operational,12 v (via the adapter of the vehicle´s power supply)delivery with adapters for the currently most popular vehicle types (approx.-10 up to +70°cambient humidity,some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate.this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing,while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room,building material and construction methods.one is the light intensity of the room.but communication is prevented in a carefully targeted way on the desired bands or frequencies using an intelligent control,pki 6200 looks through the mobile phone signals and automatically activates the jamming device to break the communication when needed.vswr over protectionconnections,zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring.this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power,an optional analogue fm spread spectrum radio link is available on request,military camps and public places.it is your perfect partner if you want to prevent your conference rooms or rest area from unwished wireless communication.access to the original key is only needed for a short moment.the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,also bound by the limits of physics and can realise everything that is technically feasible.each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page.

The civilian applications were apparent with growing public resentment over usage of mobile phones in public areas on the rise and reckless invasion of privacy,accordingly the lights are switched on and off,placed in front of the jammer for better exposure to noise..
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