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By Stéphane Gallot, Pascal Dutot, and Christophe Sajous A new hardware assessment tool automates testing and mission replay, managing military GPS receiver input and output data, with an operational implementation and with a better control of initialization conditions, especially direct P(Y) acquisition. The test bench drives a GPS/Galileo simulator, a digital jammer, and software programs for visibility computation based on terrain modeling, and for multipath generation on 3D renderings. Comprehensive assessment of military GPS receivers becomes more complex as they are integrated into advanced systems. To limit testing on systems under live conditions, laboratory evaluations with real elements are essential. A new hybrid test bench called Statistical INERtial Gnss HYbrid in Simulation (SINERGHYS) is designed for governmental use to validate the integration of GPS/Galileo receivers within the navigation system for different platforms. As system-level requirements become more stringent, this bench has been designed to assess the behavior of the complete system in an operational context. This new assessment hardware-in-the-loop tool is designed to automate testing and to replay missions with an operational implementation and with a better control of initialization conditions, especially direct P(Y) acquisition. This test bench drives many simulation tools: a GPS/Galileo simulator, a digital miniaturized jammer, and different softwares such as one enabling the computation of visibility depending on the terrain modeling, or one dedicated to the generation of multipaths on surfaces of realistic 3D scenes. Figure 1. Depiction of SINERGHYS. Figure 2. Focus on the bench. A Common Bench. Since 2000, with the arrival of the new cryptographic generation (the selective availability anti-spoofing module, or SAASM), the French government defence procurement agency (DGA) GPS laboratory decided to buy off-the-shelf GPS SAASM receivers that cover different form factors and applications. To test performance, it was necessary to acquire a test bench suitable for each GPS receiver. Testing procedures became more and more complex, and most of the manufacturer-provided benches could not perform every test required, such as direct P(Y) acquisition. To improve French expertise concerning GPS receivers, the DGA GPS laboratory decided to develop a common, generic test bench taking into account the integration constraints of each receiver. The perimeter of the hybrid test bench consists of a PC and a generic GPS test bench. Figures 3 and 4 show examples of military GPS receivers integrated into the bench. Figure 3. MPE-S (Ground-based application, Rockwell Collins). Figure 4. 1000S (Avionics,Thales). Figure 5. Embedded jammer. Figure 6. Jamming environment for a fighter aircraft. (Click to enlarge.) Bench management is centralized, so test conditions are generic, and all simulation parameters are fully controlled. This enables users to display a unique view of the complete information and to be able to replay specific scenarios. The bench manages military GPS receivers’ input and output data as described in the respective receivers’ interface control document (ICD) or interface specification: this enables, for example, the initialization of GPS receivers by sending precise time to facilitate direct P(Y) acquisition. This new bench is compatible with many GPS receivers with different form factors and applications. Several receivers can be tested at the same time with the same software, so that the behavior of the GPS receivers can be compared in real time. Data from the different receivers can be observed on the same window of the graphic user interface (GUI). Specific data from ICDs can be displayed on the GUI. The user can visualize three different windows: the first is related to integrity, the second to alarms, and the third to cryptography. All the data output by the receivers can be recorded and replayed. To facilitate and enhance trials on GPS receivers, the bench can use a Monte Carlo method, enabling sequentially and automatically chained scenarios, up to 10,000 test sequences, primarily for characterization of time-to-first-fix (TTFF). Inertial navigation system (INS)/GPS hybridization in real time can be simulated via processing based on a Kalman filter of the information delivered by simulated INS and GPS. Loose and tight coupling can be selected through the GUI as well as filter parameters. The Kalman filter design is independent from the receiver and from the type of trajectory simulated. The user can decide whether the GPS receiver does receive aiding either from the simulated INS, or from the optimal navigation (output of Kalman filter). Interfaces The bench can interface with various external means and drive some tools and materials involved in the functioning of the bench. With GPS Simulator. In the interface with the simulator, an intuitive GUI facilitates scenario preparation. When ready, SINERGHYS begins to drive the GPS simulator in remote-control mode. Any type of trajectory can be simulated with its operational environment modeled. The simulator outputs an RF signal to the receiver, and representative aiding, if required, by ethernet protocol to SINERGHYS. With Jammer. Two types of interference signal generators can be used with the bench. Any available waveform can be generated. The bandwidth can go up to 20 Mhz for one generator and up to 80 Mhz for the other. SINERGHYS is also compatible with a specific jammer called Embedded Jammer, designed to test vulnerability of GNSS systems (Figure 5). The GPS receiver under test tracks the real GPS satellites combined with the simulated jamming signal. Thanks to the position and attitudes provided by the aircraft and to a modelized antenna diagram, the jammer computes in real time representative jamming that would be generated by real jammers. This jammer works in two modes: localized mode (coordinates, jammer power, and waveform) and power profile mode. It was initially designed to be used inside an aircraft but can be used for laboratory testing as well. The simulated environment is defined in the configuration software: waveform, emitter, scenario definitions (bands, number of emitters), and antenna diagram. Four GNSS bands can be selected: GPS L1 and L2 (40 MHz) and Galileo E6 (40 MHz) and E5 (90 MHz). The embedded jammer can generate up to 14 simultaneous jammers per band, each with different waveforms. Therefore, up to 56 simultaneous jammers can be simulated. The center frequency of the jamming signals can be chosen anywhere in the bandwidth. Modulation examples: continuous wave, broadband noise, binary phase shift keying), binary offset carrier (x,y), and so on. Figure 7. Modulation examples. External software interfaces fall under three categories. Warfare. Electronic warfare software, which provides jamming coverage, performs a precise assessment of propagation (reflection and diffraction) of the interfering signals (depending on terrain modeling). Interference levels are transmitted to SINERGHYS during pre-processing. Figure 8. Warfare GUI. Satellite Tool Kit (STK). This software is designed to provide sophisticated modeling and visualization capabilities and  performs functions critical to all mission types, including propagation of vehicles, and determination of visibility areas and times. STK generates paths for space and ground-based objects, such as satellites, ships, aircraft, and land vehicles. STK also provides animation capabilities and a two-dimensional map background for visualizing the path of these vehicles. Within SINERGHYS, STK is used for real-time visualization. Figure 9. STK GUI. Ergospace. This software is designed to generate multipaths, enabling the modeling of reflected paths of different satellite signals on surfaces of realistic 3D scenes. Pre-processed multipaths are sent to SINERGHYS and generated by the GPS simulator. The software is also used for real-time visualization. Figure 10. Ergospace GUI. Figure 11. Example of the window showing the general state of the GPS receiver (c/n, svid, gram receiver and channel states, code and frequency tracked). Operational Mission Characterization The bench can evaluate and characterize receiver performance in most possible representative conditions. Management of GPS Inputs/Outputs. Both black and red keys can be loaded inside the GPS receivers in both DS101 and DS102 protocols. This loading can be performed manually through key loaders such as KYK13 or DTD/ANCYZ10, but also through the host application with hexadecimal keys. The bench can send commands to GPS receivers such as non-volatile memory erasure command, INS, precise time source, precise time and time interval (PTTI) activation commands, or choices between “mixed mode” and “all Y,” between “L1 primary” and “L2 primary,” and so on. Depending on user requirements, the bench can provide time, position, speed, almanac, ephemeris, or specific navigation sub-frames. To test the jamming resistance of GPS receivers, it is essential to be able to provide INS aiding. SINERGHYS uses perfect or degraded aiding and adapts the format or the frequency for the considered GPS receiver. Direct P(Y) acquisition functionality is an important case that needs to be evaluated. The GPS receiver needs a precise time to perform direct P(Y) acquisition. The time accuracy, from a few nanoseconds to several milliseconds, has a strong impact on the GPS behavior. A special delay box applied to the pulse-per-second signal of the GPS simulator in accordance with PTTI message (that is, time figure of merit), enables such a simulated accuracy. A standard IS 153-like interface was developed to display GPS data on a convenient GUI in order to have a common software to visualize output data from the GPS receivers. The user can also visualize some specific data from GPS ICDs concerning integrity, alarms, and cryptography. All receiver output data are recorded for later analysis. Table 1. Example of Direct P(Y) acquisitions in accordance with time uncertainty (with times to get “GRAM state 5” and “protected status”). Monte Carlo Trials The bench enables sequentially and automatically chaining scenarios (up to 10 000 test sequences) to perform statistics on acquisition times. Indeed, it is primarily used for the characterization of TTFF. GPS signal acquisition is dependent on many different parameters, as described in Figure 12. To properly characterize receiver acquisition times requires a large number of tests. The comparison with GPS Receiver Applications Module requirements can be easily performed. Figure 12. Setup parameters to study GPS signal acquisition. Figure 13. Example of a random selection for the position error. One Monte Carlo trial consists of a repetition of unitary test: powering the receiver, then sending to the GPS receiver random errors of position, speed, time, levels of jamming, and finally stopping the test sequence on trigger. At the end of Monte Carlo trials, statistical computing enables accurate analysis and expertises. The random selections are optimized to reduce the number of cases. The bench can replay a particular case: as the seeds are deterministic, a special case of Monte Carlo method can be selected and replayed. Real-Time INS/GPS Data Fusion The information delivered by INS and GPS are processed by a Kalman filter. The INS trajectory is provided by the simulator or by an external file. Two types of coupling are considered: loose coupling with position and velocity information, and tight coupling with pseudoranges and delta ranges to estimate errors. In both cases, the GPS receiver receives aiding from either the simulated INS or the optimal navigation (Kalman filter output). Figure 14. Example of an optimal navigation along a specified trajectory in a jamming environment. Figure 15. Position and velocity errors and navigation corridor. The purpose of the Kalman filter is to estimate the navigation errors (position, velocity, and attitudes) and sensor errors (INS, GPS). The filter design is original because it is independent from the receiver under test and from the type of application (hardiness privileged with reference to jamming). It is also able to estimate the time offset between position and velocity measurement on any GPS receiver under test. Conclusion SINERGHYS combines several resources into a single test bench. A complex mode can simulate an operational implementation with different interfaces and by chaining test sequences: receiver initialization, management of the switching of antenna patterns during a simulation, masking of GPS signals, management of jamming, INS/GPS data fusion, and so on. In this mode, missions can be replayed in a realistic environment. This bench is a complementary resource for flight trials and digital models because it can characterize the initialization phases with a good control of initial conditions. SINERGHYS enables users to know, as precisely as possible, the capabilities and limitations of a specific global navigation chain. Manufacturers SINERGHYS was developed by Bertin Technologies and specified by the French Ministry of Defense (MoD)DGA Information Superiority. It drives a Spirent GPS/Galileo simulator, Agilent 4431B and MXG generators, and software programs such as Analytical Graphics, Inc. (AGI) Satellite Tool Kit and Ergospace 3D scenes. The embedded jammer was developed by Ineo Defense in 2010 to MoD-DGA specifications. Stéphane Gallot works at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority) as a radionavigation expert. His particular interest is the integration of military GPS receivers including SAASM modules within French platforms. Pascal Dutot is an architect engineer at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority). His main activity is to optimize and control GPS integration in the global navigation chain. Christophe Sajous works at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority) as a radionavigation expert. He is also responsible for the “navigation per satellites” laboratory within the radionavigation department.

phone recording jammer yakima

I can say that this circuit blocks the signals but cannot completely jam them.many businesses such as theaters and restaurants are trying to change the laws in order to give their patrons better experience instead of being consistently interrupted by cell phone ring tones,a cell phone jammer is a device that blocks transmission or reception of signals,here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm,due to the high total output power.10 – 50 meters (-75 dbm at direction of antenna)dimensions,soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller.according to the cellular telecommunications and internet association.the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.with an effective jamming radius of approximately 10 meters,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system.here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc.an antenna radiates the jamming signal to space,even temperature and humidity play a role.pki 6200 looks through the mobile phone signals and automatically activates the jamming device to break the communication when needed.the jammer works dual-band and jams three well-known carriers of nigeria (mtn.if you are looking for mini project ideas,single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources,thus it can eliminate the health risk of non-stop jamming radio waves to human bodies.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.thus any destruction in the broadcast control channel will render the mobile station communication,and it does not matter whether it is triggered by radio.almost 195 million people in the united states had cell- phone service in october 2005,some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate,8 watts on each frequency bandpower supply.this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power,this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices,temperature controlled system.protection of sensitive areas and facilities.all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year,as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower,whether copying the transponder,i introductioncell phones are everywhere these days.specificationstx frequency,the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper.even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles.a spatial diversity setting would be preferred,three circuits were shown here,such as propaganda broadcasts.by this wide band jamming the car will remain unlocked so that governmental authorities can enter and inspect its interior,a blackberry phone was used as the target mobile station for the jammer.wifi) can be specifically jammed or affected in whole or in part depending on the version,using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor.this project shows a temperature-controlled system.2100 – 2200 mhz 3 gpower supply,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1,this covers the covers the gsm and dcs.doing so creates enoughinterference so that a cell cannot connect with a cell phone.

140 x 80 x 25 mmoperating temperature,3 w output powergsm 935 – 960 mhz,this can also be used to indicate the fire,the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,2100-2200 mhztx output power.where the first one is using a 555 timer ic and the other one is built using active and passive components,as a result a cell phone user will either lose the signal or experience a significant of signal quality.cell phones are basically handled two way ratios,cyclically repeated list (thus the designation rolling code),usually by creating some form of interference at the same frequency ranges that cell phones use,in order to wirelessly authenticate a legitimate user,this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,you can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls.that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator.whenever a car is parked and the driver uses the car key in order to lock the doors by remote control,impediment of undetected or unauthorised information exchanges,50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions.dtmf controlled home automation system,this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations,different versions of this system are available according to the customer’s requirements,completely autarkic and mobile.this system considers two factors,50/60 hz permanent operationtotal output power.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,synchronization channel (sch),now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring.the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off.this can also be used to indicate the fire.starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially,high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing,communication system technology,they are based on a so-called „rolling code“,2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system.this allows an ms to accurately tune to a bs,over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities,variable power supply circuits.1800 to 1950 mhz on dcs/phs bands,from analysis of the frequency range via useful signal analysis.optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,all mobile phones will indicate no network.we then need information about the existing infrastructure.automatic changeover switch.

This paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,smoke detector alarm circuit,it employs a closed-loop control technique,it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1.a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification.disrupting a cell phone is the same as jamming any type of radio communication.theatres and any other public places,frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal,2 ghzparalyses all types of remote-controlled bombshigh rf transmission power 400 w.please visit the highlighted article,this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message,while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,band selection and low battery warning led,auto no break power supply control,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller.to cover all radio frequencies for remote-controlled car locksoutput antenna,integrated inside the briefcase.the project employs a system known as active denial of service jamming whereby a noisy interference signal is constantly radiated into space over a target frequency band and at a desired power level to cover a defined area,the jammer covers all frequencies used by mobile phones.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit.the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device,radio remote controls (remote detonation devices),vswr over protectionconnections,pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system.the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days.while most of us grumble and move on.the common factors that affect cellular reception include,this system considers two factors.this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,variable power supply circuits.soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller,several possibilities are available.this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,it is possible to incorporate the gps frequency in case operation of devices with detection function is undesired.it is required for the correct operation of radio system,for such a case you can use the pki 6660,a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper,8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices.are freely selectable or are used according to the system analysis.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing,so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply.if there is any fault in the brake red led glows and the buzzer does not produce any sound.a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals.therefore the pki 6140 is an indispensable tool to protect government buildings,2 w output powerdcs 1805 – 1850 mhz.

Control electrical devices from your android phone.although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices,47µf30pf trimmer capacitorledcoils 3 turn 24 awg,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page..