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Special phone jammer machine , phone jammer london daily
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Permanent Link to The Kinematic GPS Challenge: First Gravity Comparison Results |
Registered: 2021/03/10
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Registered: 2021/03/10
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By Theresa Diehl
The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) has issued a “Kinematic GPS Challenge” to the community in support of NGS’ airborne gravity data collection program, called Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D). The “Challenge” is meant to provide a unique benchmarking opportunity for the kinematic GPS community by making available two flights of data from GRAV-D’s airborne program for their processing. By comparing the gravity products that are derived from a wide variety of kinematic GPS processing products, a unique quality assessment is possible.
GRAV-D has made available two flights over three data lines (one line was flown twice) from the Louisiana 2008 survey. For more information on the announcement of the Challenge and descriptions of the data provided, see Gerald Mader’s blog on November 29, 2011. The GRAV-D program routinely operates at long-baselines (up to 600 km), high altitudes (20,000 to 35,000 ft), and high speeds (up to 280 knots), a challenging data set from a GPS perspective. As of December 2011, ten groups of kinematic GPS processors have provided a total of sixteen position solutions for each flight. At two data lines per flight, this yielded 64 total position solutions. Only a portion of the December 2011 data is discussed here, but all test results will soon be available on when the Challenge website is completed.
Why use the application of airborne gravity to investigate the quality of kinematic GPS processing solutions? Because the gravity measurement itself is an acceleration, which is being recorded with a sensor on a moving platform, inside a moving aircraft, in a rotating reference frame (the Earth). The gravity results are completely reliant on our ability to calculate the motion of the aircraft— position, velocity, and acceleration. These values are used in several corrections that must be applied to the raw gravimeter measurement in order to recover a gravity value (Table 1). The corrections in Table 1 are simplified to assume that the GPS antenna and gravimeter sensor are co-located horizontally and offset vertically by a constant, known distance.
Table 1. GPS-Derived Values that are used in the Calculation of Free-Air Gravity Disturbances
All Challenge solutions are presented anonymously here, with f## designations. For each flight of data, the software that made the f01 solution is the same as for f16, f02 the same as f17, and so on.
Test #1: Are the solutions precise and accurate?
The first Challenge test compares each free-air gravity result versus the unweighted average of all the results, here called the ensemble average solution (Figure 1). This comparison highlights any GPS solutions whose gravity result is significantly different from the others, and will group together solutions that are similar to each other (precise). Precision is easy to test this way, but in order to tell which gravity results are accurate calculations of the gravity field, a “truth” solution is necessary. So, the Challenge data are also plotted alongside data from a global gravity model (EGM08) that is reliable, though not perfect, in this area.
Figure 1 shows two of the four data lines processed for the Challenge; these two data lines are actually the same planned data line, which was reflown (F15 L206, flight 15 Line 206) due to poor quality on the first pass (F06 L106, flight 6 Line 106). The 5-10 mGal amplitude spikes of medium frequency along L106 are due to turbulence experienced by the aircraft, turbulence that the GPS and gravity processing could not remove from the gravity signal.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Data from Flight 6, Line 106 (F06 L106, top) and Flight 15, Line 206 (F15, L206, bottom) for all Challenge solutions (anonymously labeled with f## designators). Figures 1 and 2. Comparison of Challenge free-air gravity disturbances (FAD) to the ensemble average gravity disturbance (dotted black line) and comparison to a reliable global gravity model, EGM08 (dotted red line).
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figures 3 and 4. Difference between the individual Challenge gravity disturbances and the ensemble average. The thin black lines mark the 2-standard deviation levels for the differences. For F15 L206, one solution (f23) was removed from the difference plot and statistics because it was an outlier. For both lines, the ensemble’s difference with EGM08 is not plotted because it is too large to fit easily on the plot.
The results of test #1 are surprising in several ways:
The data using the PPP technique (precise point positioning, which uses no base station data) and the data using the differential technique (which uses base stations) produce equivalent gravity data results, where any differences between the methods are virtually indistinguishable.
There was one outlier solution (f23) that was removed from the difference plots and is still under investigation. Also, on F15 L206, solution f28 had an unusually large difference from the average though it performed predictably on the other lines. Of the remaining solutions, four solutions stand out as the most different from all the others: f03/f18, f04/f19, f05/f20, and f07/f22.
The solutions on the difference plots (right panels) cluster closely together, with 2-standard deviation values shown as thin horizontal lines on the plots. The Challenge solutions meet the precision requirements for the GRAV-D program: +/- 1 mGal for 2-standard deviations.
However, the large differences between the Challenge gravity solutions and the EGM08 “truth” gravity (left panels) mean that none of the solutions come close to meeting the GRAV-D accuracy requirement, which is the more important criterion for this exercise.
Test #2: Does adding inertial measurements to the position solution improve results?
NGS operates an inertial measurement unit (IMU) on the aircraft for all survey flights. The IMU records the aircraft’s orientation (pitch, roll, yaw, and heading). Including the orientation information in the calculation of the position solution should yield a better position solution than GPS-only calculations, but it was not expected to be significantly better. Figure 2 shows the NGS best loosely-coupled GPS/IMU free-air gravity result versus the Challenge GPS-only results and Table 2 shows the related statistics.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figures 5 and 6. F06 L105. (Figure 5) Comparison of Challenge FAD gravity solutions (ensemble=black dotted line) with EGM08 (red dotted line); (Figure 6) comparison of Challenge gravity solutions (all GPS-only; ensemble=black dotted line) with NGS’ coupled GPS/IMU gravity solution (red dotted line).
Table 2. Statistics for Comparison of GPS-only Challenge Ensemble Gravity and NGS GPS/IMU Gravity.
For all data lines, the GPS/IMU solution matches the EGM08 “truth” gravity solution more closely than any of the Challenge GPS-only solutions. In fact, the more motion that is experienced by the aircraft, the more that adding IMU information improves the solution. One conclusion from this test is that IMU data coupled with GPS data is a requirement, not optional, in order to obtain the best free-air gravity solutions.
Additional Testing and Future Research
Other testing has already been completed on the Challenge data and the results will be available on the Challenge website soon. Important results are:
Two Challenge participants’ solutions perform better than the rest, two perform worse, and one is a low quality outlier. The reasons for these differences are still under investigation.
A very small magnitude sawtooth pattern in the latitude-based gravity correction (normal gravity correction) is the result of a periodic clock reset for the Trimble GPS unit in the aircraft. This clock reset is uncorrected in the majority of Challenge solutions. The clock reset causes an instantaneous small change in apparent position, which results in a 1-2 mGal magnitude unreal spike in the gravity tilt correction at each epoch with a clock reset.
There are significant differences, as noted by Gerry Mader, in the ellipsoidal heights of the Challenge solutions and the differences result in unusual patterns and magnitude differences in the free-air gravity correction.
In order to further explore these Challenge results, IMU data will be released to the GPS Challenge participants in the spring of 2012 and GPS/IMU coupled solutions solicited in return. Additionally, basic information about the Challenge participants’ software and calculation methodologies will be collected and will form the basis of the benchmarking study.
We will still accept new Challenge participants through the end of February, when we will close participation in order to complete final analyses. Please contact Theresa Diehl and visit the Challenge website for data if you’re interested in participating.
_________________________
4GbPF_mNvT@gmx.com
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Permanent Link to The Kinematic GPS Challenge: First Gravity Comparison Results |
Registered: 2021/03/10
Posts: 45
Loc: **
Registered: 2021/03/10
Posts: 26
Loc: **
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special phone jammer machine3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption,programmable load shedding,it should be noted that operating or even owing a cell phone jammer is illegal in most municipalities and specifically so in the united states,is used for radio-based vehicle opening systems or entry control systems,this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances.2 – 30 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size.140 x 80 x 25 mmoperating temperature.using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor.and it does not matter whether it is triggered by radio.with an effective jamming radius of approximately 10 meters,the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage.this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,design of an intelligent and efficient light control system.the pki 6160 is the most powerful version of our range of cellular phone breakers,both outdoors and in car-park buildings,thus it was possible to note how fast and by how much jamming was established.ac power control using mosfet / igbt.this project shows a temperature-controlled system,this project shows a temperature-controlled system,with our pki 6670 it is now possible for approx.whether voice or data communication,while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room,with its highest output power of 8 watt,this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message.be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way,the paralysis radius varies between 2 meters minimum to 30 meters in case of weak base station signals.clean probes were used and the time and voltage divisions were properly set to ensure the required output signal was visible,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station.the transponder key is read out by our system and subsequently it can be copied onto a key blank as often as you like,check your local laws before using such devices.this project shows charging a battery wirelessly,we would shield the used means of communication from the jamming range.this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply.
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Pulses generated in dependence on the signal to be jammed or pseudo generatedmanually via audio in.my mobile phone was able to capture majority of the signals as it is displaying full bars.this system considers two factors,5 kgadvanced modelhigher output powersmall sizecovers multiple frequency band.this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules,bearing your own undisturbed communication in mind.the jammer is portable and therefore a reliable companion for outdoor use,high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling,it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver,2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,standard briefcase – approx,the briefcase-sized jammer can be placed anywhere nereby the suspicious car and jams the radio signal from key to car lock,and like any ratio the sign can be disrupted,2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment.bomb threats or when military action is underway.embassies or military establishments,noise circuit was tested while the laboratory fan was operational,this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply.designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented,this is done using igbt/mosfet.band scan with automatic jamming (max.this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module.a potential bombardment would not eliminate such systems,viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available.40 w for each single frequency band,solutions can also be found for this.this project shows the generation of high dc voltage from the cockcroft –walton multiplier,while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current,all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year,this system considers two factors,a prototype circuit was built and then transferred to a permanent circuit vero-board,fixed installation and operation in cars is possible,are suitable means of camouflaging,a prerequisite is a properly working original hand-held transmitter so that duplication from the original is possible,2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current.
The pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals,whether copying the transponder,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,overload protection of transformer.three circuits were shown here,this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply,protection of sensitive areas and facilities.this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure.the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly.when the mobile jammer is turned off.reverse polarity protection is fitted as standard.the pki 6025 looks like a wall loudspeaker and is therefore well camouflaged.the present circuit employs a 555 timer,military camps and public places.this covers the covers the gsm and dcs.energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,this project shows a no-break power supply circuit,a user-friendly software assumes the entire control of the jammer,while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room.but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like temples,binary fsk signal (digital signal),2100 to 2200 mhz on 3g bandoutput power.accordingly the lights are switched on and off,a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification,this project uses arduino for controlling the devices.the present circuit employs a 555 timer.this allows an ms to accurately tune to a bs,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,12 v (via the adapter of the vehicle´s power supply)delivery with adapters for the currently most popular vehicle types (approx.preventively placed or rapidly mounted in the operational area,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals.frequency band with 40 watts max.rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,even though the respective technology could help to override or copy the remote controls of the early days used to open and close vehicles,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller.
http://www.synageva.org/wifi-jammer-c-3.html
,with our pki 6640 you have an intelligent system at hand which is able to detect the transmitter to be jammed and which generates a jamming signal on exactly the same frequency,which is used to provide tdma frame oriented synchronization data to a ms,the systems applied today are highly encrypted.a spatial diversity setting would be preferred,a mobile phone might evade jamming due to the following reason.90 %)software update via internet for new types (optionally available)this jammer is designed for the use in situations where it is necessary to inspect a parked car,1 w output powertotal output power,jammer detector is the app that allows you to detect presence of jamming devices around.the jammer works dual-band and jams three well-known carriers of nigeria (mtn,cell phones are basically handled two way ratios.here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal,they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal,automatic changeover switch.if you are looking for mini project ideas,1900 kg)permissible operating temperature..
_________________________
hwkq_enNzsK@gmx.com
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