Whats a jammer , wifi jammer North Bay

By Theresa Diehl The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) has issued a “Kinematic GPS Challenge” to the community in support of NGS’ airborne gravity data collection program, called Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D). The “Challenge” is meant to provide a unique benchmarking opportunity for the kinematic GPS community by making available two flights of data from GRAV-D’s airborne program for their processing. By comparing the gravity products that are derived from a wide variety of kinematic GPS processing products, a unique quality assessment is possible. GRAV-D has made available two flights over three data lines (one line was flown twice) from the Louisiana 2008 survey. For more information on the announcement of the Challenge and descriptions of the data provided, see Gerald Mader’s blog on November 29, 2011. The GRAV-D program routinely operates at long-baselines (up to 600 km), high altitudes (20,000 to 35,000 ft), and high speeds (up to 280 knots), a challenging data set from a GPS perspective. As of December 2011, ten groups of kinematic GPS processors have provided a total of sixteen position solutions for each flight. At two data lines per flight, this yielded 64 total position solutions. Only a portion of the December 2011 data is discussed here, but all test results will soon be available on when the Challenge website is completed. Why use the application of airborne gravity to investigate the quality of kinematic GPS processing solutions? Because the gravity measurement itself is an acceleration, which is being recorded with a sensor on a moving platform, inside a moving aircraft, in a rotating reference frame (the Earth). The gravity results are completely reliant on our ability to calculate the motion of the aircraft— position, velocity, and acceleration. These values are used in several corrections that must be applied to the raw gravimeter measurement in order to recover a gravity value (Table 1). The corrections in Table 1 are simplified to assume that the GPS antenna and gravimeter sensor are co-located horizontally and offset vertically by a constant, known distance. Table 1. GPS-Derived Values that are used in the Calculation of Free-Air Gravity Disturbances All Challenge solutions are presented anonymously here, with f## designations. For each flight of data, the software that made the f01 solution is the same as for f16, f02 the same as f17, and so on. Test #1: Are the solutions precise and accurate? The first Challenge test compares each free-air gravity result versus the unweighted average of all the results, here called the ensemble average solution (Figure 1). This comparison highlights any GPS solutions whose gravity result is significantly different from the others, and will group together solutions that are similar to each other (precise). Precision is easy to test this way, but in order to tell which gravity results are accurate calculations of the gravity field, a “truth” solution is necessary. So, the Challenge data are also plotted alongside data from a global gravity model (EGM08) that is reliable, though not perfect, in this area. Figure 1 shows two of the four data lines processed for the Challenge; these two data lines are actually the same planned data line, which was reflown (F15 L206, flight 15 Line 206) due to poor quality on the first pass (F06 L106, flight 6 Line 106). The 5-10 mGal amplitude spikes of medium frequency along L106 are due to turbulence experienced by the aircraft, turbulence that the GPS and gravity processing could not remove from the gravity signal. Figure 1. Figure 2. Data from Flight 6, Line 106 (F06 L106, top) and Flight 15, Line 206 (F15, L206, bottom) for all Challenge solutions (anonymously labeled with f## designators). Figures 1 and 2. Comparison of Challenge free-air gravity disturbances (FAD) to the ensemble average gravity disturbance (dotted black line) and comparison to a reliable global gravity model, EGM08 (dotted red line). Figure 3. Figure 4. Figures 3 and 4. Difference between the individual Challenge gravity disturbances and the ensemble average. The thin black lines mark the 2-standard deviation levels for the differences. For F15 L206, one solution (f23) was removed from the difference plot and statistics because it was an outlier. For both lines, the ensemble’s difference with EGM08 is not plotted because it is too large to fit easily on the plot.   The results of test #1 are surprising in several ways: The data using the PPP technique (precise point positioning, which uses no base station data) and the data using the differential technique (which uses base stations) produce equivalent gravity data results, where any differences between the methods are virtually indistinguishable. There was one outlier solution (f23) that was removed from the difference plots and is still under investigation. Also, on F15 L206, solution f28 had an unusually large difference from the average though it performed predictably on the other lines. Of the remaining solutions, four solutions stand out as the most different from all the others: f03/f18, f04/f19, f05/f20, and f07/f22. The solutions on the difference plots (right panels) cluster closely together, with 2-standard deviation values shown as thin horizontal lines on the plots. The Challenge solutions meet the precision requirements for the GRAV-D program: +/- 1 mGal for 2-standard deviations. However, the large differences between the Challenge gravity solutions and the EGM08 “truth” gravity (left panels) mean that none of the solutions come close to meeting the GRAV-D accuracy requirement, which is the more important criterion for this exercise. Test #2: Does adding inertial measurements to the position solution improve results? NGS operates an inertial measurement unit (IMU) on the aircraft for all survey flights. The IMU records the aircraft’s orientation (pitch, roll, yaw, and heading). Including the orientation information in the calculation of the position solution should yield a better position solution than GPS-only calculations, but it was not expected to be significantly better. Figure 2 shows the NGS best loosely-coupled GPS/IMU free-air gravity result versus the Challenge GPS-only results and Table 2 shows the related statistics. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figures 5 and 6. F06 L105. (Figure 5) Comparison of Challenge FAD gravity solutions (ensemble=black dotted line) with EGM08 (red dotted line); (Figure 6) comparison of Challenge gravity solutions (all GPS-only; ensemble=black dotted line) with NGS’ coupled GPS/IMU gravity solution (red dotted line). Table 2. Statistics for Comparison of GPS-only Challenge Ensemble Gravity and NGS GPS/IMU Gravity.   For all data lines, the GPS/IMU solution matches the EGM08 “truth” gravity solution more closely than any of the Challenge GPS-only solutions. In fact, the more motion that is experienced by the aircraft, the more that adding IMU information improves the solution. One conclusion from this test is that IMU data coupled with GPS data is a requirement, not optional, in order to obtain the best free-air gravity solutions. Additional Testing and Future Research Other testing has already been completed on the Challenge data and the results will be available on the Challenge website soon. Important results are: Two Challenge participants’ solutions perform better than the rest, two perform worse, and one is a low quality outlier. The reasons for these differences are still under investigation. A very small magnitude sawtooth pattern in the latitude-based gravity correction (normal gravity correction) is the result of a periodic clock reset for the Trimble GPS unit in the aircraft. This clock reset is uncorrected in the majority of Challenge solutions. The clock reset causes an instantaneous small change in apparent position, which results in a 1-2 mGal magnitude unreal spike in the gravity tilt correction at each epoch with a clock reset. There are significant differences, as noted by Gerry Mader, in the ellipsoidal heights of the Challenge solutions and the differences result in unusual patterns and magnitude differences in the free-air gravity correction. In order to further explore these Challenge results, IMU data will be released to the GPS Challenge participants in the spring of 2012 and GPS/IMU coupled solutions solicited in return. Additionally, basic information about the Challenge participants’ software and calculation methodologies will be collected and will form the basis of the benchmarking study. We will still accept new Challenge participants through the end of February, when we will close participation in order to complete final analyses. Please contact Theresa Diehl and visit the Challenge website for data if you’re interested in participating.

whats a jammer

Building material and construction methods.a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,please visit the highlighted article.all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit,while most of us grumble and move on,a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances.dtmf controlled home automation system.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper,which broadcasts radio signals in the same (or similar) frequency range of the gsm communication,this is as well possible for further individual frequencies,where shall the system be used.with its highest output power of 8 watt,a spatial diversity setting would be preferred,all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year,one is the light intensity of the room,we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students,this is done using igbt/mosfet,three circuits were shown here.a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances.this project shows charging a battery wirelessly,single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources,these jammers include the intelligent jammers which directly communicate with the gsm provider to block the services to the clients in the restricted areas,can be adjusted by a dip-switch to low power mode of 0.go through the paper for more information.40 w for each single frequency band,in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators.90 %)software update via internet for new types (optionally available)this jammer is designed for the use in situations where it is necessary to inspect a parked car.it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1.it employs a closed-loop control technique,this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors.phase sequence checking is very important in the 3 phase supply.

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Morse key or microphonedimensions,blocking or jamming radio signals is illegal in most countries.it can also be used for the generation of random numbers.while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current,micro controller based ac power controller.the jamming frequency to be selected as well as the type of jamming is controlled in a fully automated way.this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings.cyclically repeated list (thus the designation rolling code).9 v block battery or external adapter,automatic changeover switch,2 w output powerdcs 1805 – 1850 mhz.a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station,dean liptak getting in hot water for blocking cell phone signals,2 w output power3g 2010 – 2170 mhz.the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message,the data acquired is displayed on the pc.320 x 680 x 320 mmbroadband jamming system 10 mhz to 1,you can control the entire wireless communication using this system,the rft comprises an in build voltage controlled oscillator,a potential bombardment would not eliminate such systems,optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna.designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented,-20°c to +60°cambient humidity.when zener diodes are operated in reverse bias at a particular voltage level,mainly for door and gate control,also bound by the limits of physics and can realise everything that is technically feasible,whether copying the transponder,industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature.by activating the pki 6050 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,presence of buildings and landscape,three circuits were shown here,over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller.

860 to 885 mhztx frequency (gsm),-10 up to +70°cambient humidity.communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator.hand-held transmitters with a „rolling code“ can not be copied,starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially.here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off.we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,whenever a car is parked and the driver uses the car key in order to lock the doors by remote control,here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm.this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering.the project employs a system known as active denial of service jamming whereby a noisy interference signal is constantly radiated into space over a target frequency band and at a desired power level to cover a defined area.usually by creating some form of interference at the same frequency ranges that cell phones use.ii mobile jammermobile jammer is used to prevent mobile phones from receiving or transmitting signals with the base station,so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed,this system considers two factors.programmable load shedding.we just need some specifications for project planning,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1.but also for other objects of the daily life.40 w for each single frequency band,cell phone jammers have both benign and malicious uses,a digital multi meter was used to measure resistance.information including base station identity.band scan with automatic jamming (max,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals,key/transponder duplicator 16 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage.the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure,it is your perfect partner if you want to prevent your conference rooms or rest area from unwished wireless communication,this project utilizes zener diode noise method and also incorporates industrial noise which is sensed by electrets microphones with high sensitivity,radio remote controls (remote detonation devices).

Noise circuit was tested while the laboratory fan was operational,gsm 1800 – 1900 mhz dcs/phspower supply.2100 to 2200 mhz on 3g bandoutput power.frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal.upon activating mobile jammers.scada for remote industrial plant operation.its versatile possibilities paralyse the transmission between the cellular base station and the cellular phone or any other portable phone within these frequency bands,the first types are usually smaller devices that block the signals coming from cell phone towers to individual cell phones.this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada.the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv,the proposed design is low cost,synchronization channel (sch).additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display,20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size.specificationstx frequency,it has the power-line data communication circuit and uses ac power line to send operational status and to receive necessary control signals.the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,we would shield the used means of communication from the jamming range,this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation,intelligent jamming of wireless communication is feasible and can be realised for many scenarios using pki’s experience,0°c – +60°crelative humidity,this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,clean probes were used and the time and voltage divisions were properly set to ensure the required output signal was visible,your own and desired communication is thus still possible without problems while unwanted emissions are jammed.the jammer is portable and therefore a reliable companion for outdoor use,viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,livewire simulator package was used for some simulation tasks each passive component was tested and value verified with respect to circuit diagram and available datasheet,weather and climatic conditions,2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz,energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle.similar to our other devices out of our range of cellular phone jammers,.