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Galileo IOV-3 Broadcasts E1, E5, E6 Signals; Russian SBAS Luch-5B in Orbital Slot; EGNOS and Galileo in Emergency Call, Road Tolling; Compass ICD Rumored Galileo IOV-3 Broadcasts E1, E5, E6 Signals  By Oliver Montenbruck, German Space Operations Center and Richard B. Langley, University of New Brunswick After reaching its final position, the Galileo IOV-3 satellite started transmitting its first ranging signals on December 1. Within three days, the various carriers (E1, E5, E6) and associated modulations were activated, and full in-orbit testing is now in progress. Anyone with commonly available GNSS receivers can presently access the open signals in the E1, E5a, and E5b frequency bands as well as the wide-band E5 AltBOC signal. According to statements made at the recent 6th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technologies (Navitec 2012) in Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the IOV-3 satellite, which is also identified as Flight Model 3 (FM3) and E19 after its pseudorandom noise code, will continue to use binary offset carrier modulation — specifically BOC(1,1) — on the E1 Open Service signals for the time being. In contrast to this, the first pair of IOV satellites has already started to use composite binary offset carrier modulation, which offers better multipath suppression in the received signal. Right after its activation, IOV-3 could be tracked immediately by the global network of stations participating in the Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX; http://www.igs.org/mgex) initiated by the International GNSS Service (IGS). Figure 1. Pseudorange errors of IOV-3 tracking at Tanegashima, Japan, using the E1 BOC(1,1) signal (top) and the E5 AltBOC signal (center). The elevation angle over time is shown in the bottom panel. The high quality of the IOV-3 signals is illustrated by measurements collected by the Tanegashima station during a 10-hour pass of the satellite over Japan (see Figure 1). The E5 AltBOC pseudorange measurements in particular exhibit an exceptionally low noise and multipath level of better than 10 centimeters at mid- and high-elevation angles. An attractive feature of the Galileo system is the availability of multiple signal frequencies, which opens up numerous prospects for precise positioning and scientific investigations. Carrier-Phase Measurements While the E6 signals foreseen for a future Commercial Service are not presently supported by geodetic receivers due to the lack of information on the transmitted codes and possible licensing issues, users can already benefit from the E5a and E5b signals in addition to E1. By way of example, the ionosphere-free and geometry-free linear combination can be formed from carrier-phase measurements on these frequencies. Results of some first tests using this combination for IOV-3 are shown in Figure 2, based on measurements made at four MGEX stations: CUT0 (Perth, Australia), GMSD (Tanegashima, Japan), KZN2 (Kazan, Russia), and SIN1 (Singapore). The results provide an indication of carrier-phase noise and multipath effects but are free of long-term variations that have earlier been found in GPS L1/L2/L5 signal combinations. It is anticipated that similar measurement quality will be obtained with the E1 and E5 signals of IOV-4, which were activated on December 12 and 13. This level of performance highlights the potential benefit of Galileo signals in advanced triple-frequency techniques such as undifferenced ambiguity resolution and ionospheric monitoring. Figure 2 The difference between the ionosphere-free carrier-phase combinations formed from E1/E5a and E1/E5b signals received at four MGEX stations: CUT0 (Perth, Australia), GMSD (Tanegashima, Japan), KZN2 (Kazan, Russia), and SIN1 (Singapore). Russian SBAS Luch-5B in Orbital Slot The second Russian satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) satellite, Luch-5B, has now been positioned at its designated orbital slot of 16 degrees west longitude. The satellite had been in a drift orbit since its launch on November 2 at 21:04:00 UTC along with the domestic communications satellite Yamal-300K. NORAD/JSpOC tracking data showed Luch-5B arriving at its geostationary position by about December 13. Figure 3 shows the footprint of the satellite with the elevation-angle contours at 30-degree intervals. Luch-5B, the second of a set of three geostationary satellites being  launched to reactivate Roscosmos’s Luch Multifunctional Space Relay System, is expected to use PRN code 125. The Luch system will relay communications and telemetry between low-Earth-orbiting spacecraft, such as the the Russian segment of International Space Station, and Russian ground facilities. The system’s satellites also carry transponders for the System for Differential Correction and Monitoring (SDCM), Russia’s SBAS. The transponders will broadcast GNSS corrections on the standard GPS L1 frequency. Luch-5A, launched in December 2011, resides in an orbital slot at 95 degrees east longitude. It began transmitting corrections on July 12, 2012 using PRN code 140. Figure 3. Geostationary position of Luch-5B, carrying a transponder for the Russian System for Differential Correction and Monitoring. EGNOS and Galileo in Emergency Call, Road Tolling The Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) World Congress in Vienna this fall drew attention to the multi-constellation advantages provided by Galileo during a session on eCall, the European initiative for safer mobility. “Galileo will provide accuracy and reliability in all the transport markets, but in the case of emergency rapid assistance, the positioning need is even more critical,” said Fiammetta Diani, market development officer at the European GNSS Agency (GSA). A multiconstellation approach for eCall and similar initiatives will deliver better performance without additional costs. Yaroslav Domaratsky from NIS-GLONASS, the Russian national navigation services provider, confirmed that ERA-GLONASS, the Russian version of eCall, will benefit from multiconstellation. “Solutions including also Galileo are welcome in the Russian initiative.” Satellite ITS applications in road transport cover much more than in-car navigation. They include road-user charging with satellite-based toll collection systems; in-vehicle dynamic route guidance for drivers; intelligent speed adaptation to control the speed of vehicles externally; traveller information systems; and fleet-tracking systems for better management of freight movements and goods delivery. Road Tolling European road-toll operators outlined how they plan to emply the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and Galileo to provide new tolling solutions. Luigi Giacalone, managing director of Autostrade Tech, which provides the technology for the French Ecomouv project, said EGNOS will contribute to reliably collect taxes on the heavy trucks using the road charging scheme. “This is a tax, not a toll. It aims to collect a new tax reliably and fairly according to distance travelled, while dissuading fraud,” he said. “Thanks to GNSS multi-constellation, only 10 locations out of the 15,000-kilometer network need support beacons.” Ecomouv, which Includes anti-jamming and anti-spoofing mechanisms, covers 600,000 French lorries and 200,000 foreign ones, and will run from July 2013 for 11.5 years. Giacalone said its performance target was 99.75 percent accuracy of the entire collection chain, and its trials had already 99.8 percent accuracy. Miroslav Bobošík from SkyToll, which operates Slovakia’s electronic tolling operations, explained how the system was able to cover not only 570 kilometers of motorways, but also 1,800 kilometers of first class roads in the country. “We needed a flexible system to cover different roads in different circumstances. And also to be fair to drivers, so they pay only for what they use,” said Bobošík. “We cover all services, not just toll collection, but enforcement, and technological maintenance and repair.” GNSS tolling means flexibility as well as feasibility for SkyToll: since  its launch in mid-2010, many changes have been made to the operation of the network, but thanks to the technology, they were easy to make. And they were cheap, he said. “While it is difficult to compare costs with other country, SkyToll has the lowest cost per kilometer to operate,” he said. “GNSS is the best possible solution for electronic tolling system in Slovakia, and GNSS is the most suitable for ITS.” Changing the Game Volker Vierroth from T-Systems, the German IT services subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom, explained GNSS’s game-changing role: the availability of a huge variety of additional data linked to actual positions; more computing power, notably mobile and cloud-based; fast and reliable networks available now with broad coverage, most recently with the shift from 3G to 4G; and smartphones, powerful and versatile, surging to the fore. “GNSS [in the form of EGNOS] has proved to be a reliable technology for large-scale road charging on complex networks,” he said. “Galileo will bring further improvements, and may become the cornerstone of future road applications.” Compass ICD Rumored As this magazine goes to press, unconfirmed reports from Shanghai state that the Compass Interface Control Document (ICD) will be released on December 27. Such rumors surfaced in late 2010 and again in late 2011. An October 2011 GPS World newsletter reported “The long-awaited signal ICD for China’s growing GNSS will appear this month, according to representatives of the system who spoke in a “Compass: Progress, Status, and Future Outlook” workshop in September [2011]. “The ICD has been rumored to be available previously to receiver manufacturers within China, creating some disgruntlement among companies outside the country. A workshop panelist affirmed that GPS/Compass chips and receivers are being actively developed by many Chinese manufacturers and research institutes.”    

wireless phone jammer bag

The scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules.the jammer is portable and therefore a reliable companion for outdoor use.this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering,this task is much more complex.brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller.the rft comprises an in build voltage controlled oscillator,you can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls.go through the paper for more information.as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage.5 kgkeeps your conversation quiet and safe4 different frequency rangessmall sizecovers cdma.this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada.whether in town or in a rural environment,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices,weatherproof metal case via a version in a trailer or the luggage compartment of a car,this project shows a temperature-controlled system,automatic telephone answering machine,from the smallest compact unit in a portable,the duplication of a remote control requires more effort,this can also be used to indicate the fire,the predefined jamming program starts its service according to the settings,but we need the support from the providers for this purpose,the project employs a system known as active denial of service jamming whereby a noisy interference signal is constantly radiated into space over a target frequency band and at a desired power level to cover a defined area.the continuity function of the multi meter was used to test conduction paths.

The third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,here is a list of top electrical mini-projects,and like any ratio the sign can be disrupted,this project shows the control of appliances connected to the power grid using a pc remotely.conversion of single phase to three phase supply.with its highest output power of 8 watt.mobile jammer was originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists to foil the use of certain remotely detonated explosive,specificationstx frequency.while the second one is the presence of anyone in the room.key/transponder duplicator 16 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage.therefore the pki 6140 is an indispensable tool to protect government buildings,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,i introductioncell phones are everywhere these days.the data acquired is displayed on the pc.synchronization channel (sch),-10 up to +70°cambient humidity.this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors.with the antenna placed on top of the car,accordingly the lights are switched on and off,frequency scan with automatic jamming,a cell phone works by interacting the service network through a cell tower as base station,for any further cooperation you are kindly invited to let us know your demand,even temperature and humidity play a role.it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver,2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment.this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10.

Automatic changeover switch,religious establishments like churches and mosques,solutions can also be found for this.a cell phone jammer is a device that blocks transmission or reception of signals,if you are looking for mini project ideas.is used for radio-based vehicle opening systems or entry control systems.shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering.this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,vswr over protectionconnections.embassies or military establishments.preventively placed or rapidly mounted in the operational area,50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions.power grid control through pc scada,pulses generated in dependence on the signal to be jammed or pseudo generatedmanually via audio in,this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations.ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions,the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station.because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely.here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers,phase sequence checker for three phase supply.while the second one shows 0-28v variable voltage and 6-8a current.a prototype circuit was built and then transferred to a permanent circuit vero-board,the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.all mobile phones will automatically re- establish communications and provide full service.

Noise generator are used to test signals for measuring noise figure.the output of each circuit section was tested with the oscilloscope.intermediate frequency(if) section and the radio frequency transmitter module(rft),a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification,it should be noted that these cell phone jammers were conceived for military use,the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage,each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency,industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature.vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on,it employs a closed-loop control technique,so that we can work out the best possible solution for your special requirements,additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display.iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random.temperature controlled system.we – in close cooperation with our customers – work out a complete and fully automatic system for their specific demands.by activating the pki 6100 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page.the next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas,presence of buildings and landscape,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular phones in a non-destructive way,they are based on a so-called „rolling code“,here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object.all mobile phones will indicate no network incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off,all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only.

Design of an intelligent and efficient light control system,as a result a cell phone user will either lose the signal or experience a significant of signal quality.this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies.this is done using igbt/mosfet,the operating range does not present the same problem as in high mountains.as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1.it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission,the proposed design is low cost.ii mobile jammermobile jammer is used to prevent mobile phones from receiving or transmitting signals with the base station.that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator.our pki 6085 should be used when absolute confidentiality of conferences or other meetings has to be guaranteed,it employs a closed-loop control technique,v test equipment and proceduredigital oscilloscope capable of analyzing signals up to 30mhz was used to measure and analyze output wave forms at the intermediate frequency unit.cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,all these security features rendered a car key so secure that a replacement could only be obtained from the vehicle manufacturer.the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque.this project shows a no-break power supply circuit,a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing,40 w for each single frequency band. http://www.synageva.org/wifi-jammer-c-3.html ,are suitable means of camouflaging.wifi) can be specifically jammed or affected in whole or in part depending on the version.due to the high total output power.the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz.

Strength and location of the cellular base station or tower,cell phones within this range simply show no signal.the pki 6025 is a camouflaged jammer designed for wall installation.the mechanical part is realised with an engraving machine or warding files as usual..