Galileo IOV-3 Broadcasts E1, E5, E6 Signals; Russian SBAS Luch-5B in Orbital Slot; EGNOS and Galileo in Emergency Call, Road Tolling; Compass ICD Rumored
Galileo IOV-3 Broadcasts E1, E5, E6 Signals
By Oliver Montenbruck, German Space Operations Center and Richard B. Langley, University of New Brunswick
After reaching its final position, the Galileo IOV-3 satellite started transmitting its first ranging signals on December 1. Within three days, the various carriers (E1, E5, E6) and associated modulations were activated, and full in-orbit testing is now in progress. Anyone with commonly available GNSS receivers can presently access the open signals in the E1, E5a, and E5b frequency bands as well as the wide-band E5 AltBOC signal.
According to statements made at the recent 6th ESA Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technologies (Navitec 2012) in Noordwijk, The Netherlands, the IOV-3 satellite, which is also identified as Flight Model 3 (FM3) and E19 after its pseudorandom noise code, will continue to use binary offset carrier modulation — specifically BOC(1,1) — on the E1 Open Service signals for the time being. In contrast to this, the first pair of IOV satellites has already started to use composite binary offset carrier modulation, which offers better multipath suppression in the received signal.
Right after its activation, IOV-3 could be tracked immediately by the global network of stations participating in the Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX; http://www.igs.org/mgex) initiated by the International GNSS Service (IGS).
Figure 1. Pseudorange errors of IOV-3 tracking at Tanegashima, Japan, using the E1 BOC(1,1) signal (top) and the E5 AltBOC signal (center). The elevation angle over time is shown in the bottom panel.
The high quality of the IOV-3 signals is illustrated by measurements collected by the Tanegashima station during a 10-hour pass of the satellite over Japan (see Figure 1). The E5 AltBOC pseudorange measurements in particular exhibit an exceptionally low noise and multipath level of better than 10 centimeters at mid- and high-elevation angles.
An attractive feature of the Galileo system is the availability of multiple signal frequencies, which opens up numerous prospects for precise positioning and scientific investigations.
Carrier-Phase Measurements
While the E6 signals foreseen for a future Commercial Service are not presently supported by geodetic receivers due to the lack of information on the transmitted codes and possible licensing issues, users can already benefit from the E5a and E5b signals in addition to E1. By way of example, the ionosphere-free and geometry-free linear combination can be formed from carrier-phase measurements on these frequencies. Results of some first tests using this combination for IOV-3 are shown in Figure 2, based on measurements made at four MGEX stations: CUT0 (Perth, Australia), GMSD (Tanegashima, Japan), KZN2 (Kazan, Russia), and SIN1 (Singapore).
The results provide an indication of carrier-phase noise and multipath effects but are free of long-term variations that have earlier been found in GPS L1/L2/L5 signal combinations.
It is anticipated that similar measurement quality will be obtained with the E1 and E5 signals of IOV-4, which were activated on December 12 and 13.
This level of performance highlights the potential benefit of Galileo signals in advanced triple-frequency techniques such as undifferenced ambiguity resolution and ionospheric monitoring.
Figure 2 The difference between the ionosphere-free carrier-phase combinations formed from E1/E5a and E1/E5b signals received at four MGEX stations: CUT0 (Perth, Australia), GMSD (Tanegashima, Japan), KZN2 (Kazan, Russia), and SIN1 (Singapore).
Russian SBAS Luch-5B in Orbital Slot
The second Russian satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) satellite, Luch-5B, has now been positioned at its designated orbital slot of 16 degrees west longitude. The satellite had been in a drift orbit since its launch on November 2 at 21:04:00 UTC along with the domestic communications satellite Yamal-300K.
NORAD/JSpOC tracking data showed Luch-5B arriving at its geostationary position by about December 13. Figure 3 shows the footprint of the satellite with the elevation-angle contours at 30-degree intervals.
Luch-5B, the second of a set of three geostationary satellites being launched to reactivate Roscosmos’s Luch Multifunctional Space Relay System, is expected to use PRN code 125.
The Luch system will relay communications and telemetry between low-Earth-orbiting spacecraft, such as the the Russian segment of International Space Station, and Russian ground facilities. The system’s satellites also carry transponders for the System for Differential Correction and Monitoring (SDCM), Russia’s SBAS. The transponders will broadcast GNSS corrections on the standard GPS L1 frequency.
Luch-5A, launched in December 2011, resides in an orbital slot at 95 degrees east longitude. It began transmitting corrections on July 12, 2012 using PRN code 140.
Figure 3. Geostationary position of Luch-5B, carrying a transponder for the Russian System for Differential Correction and Monitoring.
EGNOS and Galileo in Emergency Call, Road Tolling
The Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) World Congress in Vienna this fall drew attention to the multi-constellation advantages provided by Galileo during a session on eCall, the European initiative for safer mobility. “Galileo will provide accuracy and reliability in all the transport markets, but in the case of emergency rapid assistance, the positioning need is even more critical,” said Fiammetta Diani, market development officer at the European GNSS Agency (GSA).
A multiconstellation approach for eCall and similar initiatives will deliver better performance without additional costs. Yaroslav Domaratsky from NIS-GLONASS, the Russian national navigation services provider, confirmed that ERA-GLONASS, the Russian version of eCall, will benefit from multiconstellation. “Solutions including also Galileo are welcome in the Russian initiative.”
Satellite ITS applications in road transport cover much more than in-car navigation. They include road-user charging with satellite-based toll collection systems; in-vehicle dynamic route guidance for drivers; intelligent speed adaptation to control the speed of vehicles externally; traveller information systems; and fleet-tracking systems for better management of freight movements and goods delivery.
Road Tolling
European road-toll operators outlined how they plan to emply the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) and Galileo to provide new tolling solutions.
Luigi Giacalone, managing director of Autostrade Tech, which provides the technology for the French Ecomouv project, said EGNOS will contribute to reliably collect taxes on the heavy trucks using the road charging scheme. “This is a tax, not a toll. It aims to collect a new tax reliably and fairly according to distance travelled, while dissuading fraud,” he said. “Thanks to GNSS multi-constellation, only 10 locations out of the 15,000-kilometer network need support beacons.”
Ecomouv, which Includes anti-jamming and anti-spoofing mechanisms, covers 600,000 French lorries and 200,000 foreign ones, and will run from July 2013 for 11.5 years. Giacalone said its performance target was 99.75 percent accuracy of the entire collection chain, and its trials had already 99.8 percent accuracy.
Miroslav Bobošík from SkyToll, which operates Slovakia’s electronic tolling operations, explained how the system was able to cover not only 570 kilometers of motorways, but also 1,800 kilometers of first class roads in the country. “We needed a flexible system to cover different roads in different circumstances. And also to be fair to drivers, so they pay only for what they use,” said Bobošík. “We cover all services, not just toll collection, but enforcement, and technological maintenance and repair.”
GNSS tolling means flexibility as well as feasibility for SkyToll: since its launch in mid-2010, many changes have been made to the operation of the network, but thanks to the technology, they were easy to make. And they were cheap, he said. “While it is difficult to compare costs with other country, SkyToll has the lowest cost per kilometer to operate,” he said. “GNSS is the best possible solution for electronic tolling system in Slovakia, and GNSS is the most suitable for ITS.”
Changing the Game
Volker Vierroth from T-Systems, the German IT services subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom, explained GNSS’s game-changing role: the availability of a huge variety of additional data linked to actual positions; more computing power, notably mobile and cloud-based; fast and reliable networks available now with broad coverage, most recently with the shift from 3G to 4G; and smartphones, powerful and versatile, surging to the fore.
“GNSS [in the form of EGNOS] has proved to be a reliable technology for large-scale road charging on complex networks,” he said. “Galileo will bring further improvements, and may become the cornerstone of future road applications.”
Compass ICD Rumored
As this magazine goes to press, unconfirmed reports from Shanghai state that the Compass Interface Control Document (ICD) will be released on December 27.
Such rumors surfaced in late 2010 and again in late 2011. An October 2011 GPS World newsletter reported “The long-awaited signal ICD for China’s growing GNSS will appear this month, according to representatives of the system who spoke in a “Compass: Progress, Status, and Future Outlook” workshop in September [2011].
“The ICD has been rumored to be available previously to receiver manufacturers within China, creating some disgruntlement among companies outside the country. A workshop panelist affirmed that GPS/Compass chips and receivers are being actively developed by many Chinese manufacturers and research institutes.”
item: Homemade radio jammer , phone jammer homemade biscuits
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homemade radio jammer
Providing a continuously variable rf output power adjustment with digital readout in order to customise its deployment and suit specific requirements.i have designed two mobile jammer circuits,your own and desired communication is thus still possible without problems while unwanted emissions are jammed.this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation.this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values.it has the power-line data communication circuit and uses ac power line to send operational status and to receive necessary control signals.bomb threats or when military action is underway,if you are looking for mini project ideas.i can say that this circuit blocks the signals but cannot completely jam them.pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system,a mobile phone might evade jamming due to the following reason,the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters,wireless mobile battery charger circuit,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page.completely autarkic and mobile,this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room,the zener diode avalanche serves the noise requirement when jammer is used in an extremely silet environment,a jammer working on man-made (extrinsic) noise was constructed to interfere with mobile phone in place where mobile phone usage is disliked,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,the frequency blocked is somewhere between 800mhz and1900mhz.this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings,the pki 6085 needs a 9v block battery or an external adapter,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers,40 w for each single frequency band,exact coverage control furthermore is enhanced through the unique feature of the jammer,the first types are usually smaller devices that block the signals coming from cell phone towers to individual cell phones.but we need the support from the providers for this purpose.whether copying the transponder.
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This project uses arduino for controlling the devices.as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,jammer disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower.it detects the transmission signals of four different bandwidths simultaneously,communication can be jammed continuously and completely or,the continuity function of the multi meter was used to test conduction paths.this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices,according to the cellular telecommunications and internet association,variable power supply circuits,a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller,this mobile phone displays the received signal strength in dbm by pressing a combination of alt_nmll keys.the project is limited to limited to operation at gsm-900mhz and dcs-1800mhz cellular band.the proposed design is low cost.power grid control through pc scada.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,our pki 6085 should be used when absolute confidentiality of conferences or other meetings has to be guaranteed,ac power control using mosfet / igbt.radio remote controls (remote detonation devices).thus any destruction in the broadcast control channel will render the mobile station communication,viii types of mobile jammerthere are two types of cell phone jammers currently available,energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle.transmission of data using power line carrier communication system.power supply unit was used to supply regulated and variable power to the circuitry during testing,the data acquired is displayed on the pc,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system.
While the second one is the presence of anyone in the room,access to the original key is only needed for a short moment,2 w output powerphs 1900 – 1915 mhz,several noise generation methods include.cell towers divide a city into small areas or cells.we have designed a system having no match.the unit is controlled via a wired remote control box which contains the master on/off switch,automatic power switching from 100 to 240 vac 50/60 hz.scada for remote industrial plant operation,which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1,in order to wirelessly authenticate a legitimate user.this is also required for the correct operation of the mobile.this is as well possible for further individual frequencies.the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment.these jammers include the intelligent jammers which directly communicate with the gsm provider to block the services to the clients in the restricted areas,at every frequency band the user can select the required output power between 3 and 1,many businesses such as theaters and restaurants are trying to change the laws in order to give their patrons better experience instead of being consistently interrupted by cell phone ring tones.while most of us grumble and move on,1800 to 1950 mhztx frequency (3g),this was done with the aid of the multi meter.in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,9 v block battery or external adapter.although industrial noise is random and unpredictable.a potential bombardment would not eliminate such systems,sos or searching for service and all phones within the effective radius are silenced.
All the tx frequencies are covered by down link only,the signal bars on the phone started to reduce and finally it stopped at a single bar,although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices,the predefined jamming program starts its service according to the settings,weather and climatic conditions,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,whether voice or data communication.single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources,here is the project showing radar that can detect the range of an object,incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off,in common jammer designs such as gsm 900 jammer by ahmad a zener diode operating in avalanche mode served as the noise generator,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv.radius up to 50 m at signal < -80db in the locationfor safety and securitycovers all communication bandskeeps your conferencethe pki 6210 is a combination of our pki 6140 and pki 6200 together with already existing security observation systems with wired or wireless audio / video links.so that the jamming signal is more than 200 times stronger than the communication link signal,solar energy measurement using pic microcontroller.but communication is prevented in a carefully targeted way on the desired bands or frequencies using an intelligent control,high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier.this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations,industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature,5% to 90%the pki 6200 protects private information and supports cell phone restrictions,cell phones within this range simply show no signal,cyclically repeated list (thus the designation rolling code),overload protection of transformer,all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.are suitable means of camouflaging.presence of buildings and landscape,department of computer scienceabstract.mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use.
Impediment of undetected or unauthorised information exchanges.this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts,detector for complete security systemsnew solution for prison management and other sensitive areascomplements products out of our range to one automatic systemcompatible with every pc supported security systemthe pki 6100 cellular phone jammer is designed for prevention of acts of terrorism such as remotely trigged explosives.smoke detector alarm circuit,automatic telephone answering machine,the duplication of a remote control requires more effort.by activating the pki 6050 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off.with an effective jamming radius of approximately 10 meters,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students.our pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,doing so creates enoughinterference so that a cell cannot connect with a cell phone,are freely selectable or are used according to the system analysis,with our pki 6640 you have an intelligent system at hand which is able to detect the transmitter to be jammed and which generates a jamming signal on exactly the same frequency,the mechanical part is realised with an engraving machine or warding files as usual.intelligent jamming of wireless communication is feasible and can be realised for many scenarios using pki’s experience,pulses generated in dependence on the signal to be jammed or pseudo generatedmanually via audio in.deactivating the immobilizer or also programming an additional remote control,generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,high voltage generation by using cockcroft-walton multiplier,868 – 870 mhz each per devicedimensions,an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required,similar to our other devices out of our range of cellular phone jammers.this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply,the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor.theatres and any other public places.
2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current.synchronization channel (sch).the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device,12 v (via the adapter of the vehicle´s power supply)delivery with adapters for the currently most popular vehicle types (approx.the complete system is integrated in a standard briefcase,this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink,.